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Author: search.filters.author.Kessler, Ronald C.Subject: search.filters.subject.Prevalence

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    Early-Life Mental Disorders and Adult Household Income in the World Mental Health Surveys
    (Elsevier Science INC, 360 Park Ave South, New York, NY 10010-1710 USA, 2012) Kawakami, Norito; Abdulghani, Emad Abdulrazaq; Alonso, Jordi; Bromet, Evelyn J.; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Caldas-de-Almeida, José Miguel; Chiu, Wai Tat; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Fayyad, John; Ferry, Finola; Florescu, Silvia; Gureje, Oye; Hu, Chiyi; Lakoma, Matthew D.; LeBlanc, William; Lee, Sing; Levinson, Daphna; Malhotra, Savita; Matschinger, Herbert; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Nakamura, Yosikazu; Browne, Mark A. Oakley; Okoliyski, Michail; Posada-Villa, José; Sampson, Nancy A.; Viana, María Carmen; Kessler, Ronald C.; Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, 180 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA.; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
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    Smoking estimates from around the world: data from the first 17 participating countries in the World Mental Health Survey Consortium
    (B M J Publishing Group, British Med Assoc House, Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9JR, England, 2010) Storr, Carla L.; Cheng, Hui; Alonso, Jordi; Angermeyer, Matthias; Bruffaerts, Ronny; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Gureje, Oye; Karam, Elie G.; Kostyuchenko, Stanislav; Lee, Sing; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Medina Mora, María Elena; Myer, Landon; Neumark, Yehuda; Posada-Villa, José; Watanabe, Makoto; Wells, J. Elisabeth; Kessler, Ronald C.; Anthony, James C.; Univ Maryland, Sch Nursing, Dept Family & Community Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA; cstor002@son.umaryland.edu
    Objective To contribute new multinational findings on basic descriptive features of smoking and cessation, based upon standardised community surveys of adults residing in seven low-income and middle-income countries and 10 higher-income countries from all regions of the world. Methods Data were collected using standardised interviews and community probability sample survey methods conducted as part of the WHO World Mental Health Surveys Initiative. Demographic and socioeconomic correlates of smoking are studied using cross-tabulation and logistic regression approaches. Within-country sample weights were applied with variance estimation appropriate for complex sample survey designs. Results Estimated prevalence of smoking experience (history of ever smoking) and current smoking varied across the countries under study. In all but four countries, one out of every four adults currently smoked. In higher-income countries, estimated proportions of former smokers (those who had quit) were roughly double the corresponding estimates for most low-income and middle-income countries. Characteristics of smokers varied within individual countries, and in relation to the World Bank's low-medium-high gradient of economic development. In stark contrast to a sturdy male-female difference in the uptake of smoking seen in each country, there is no consistent sex-associated pattern in the odds of remaining a smoker (versus quitting). Conclusion The World Mental Health Surveys estimates complement existing global tobacco monitoring efforts. The observed global diversity of associations with smoking and smoking cessation underscore reasons for implementation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control provisions and prompt local adaptation of prevention and control interventions.
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    DSM-IV personality disorders in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
    (Royal College of Psychiatrists, British Journal of Psychiatry 17 Belgrave Square, London SW1X 8PG, England, 2009) Huang, Yueqin; Kotov, Roman; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Preti, Antonio; Angermeyer, Matthias; Benjet, Corina; Demyttenaere, Koen; De Graaf, Ron; Gureje, Oye; Karam, Aimee Nasser; Lee, Sing; Lepine, Jean Pierre; Matschinger, Herbert; Posada-Villa, José; Suliman, Sharain; Vilagut, Gemma; Kessler, Ronald C.; Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
    Background: Little is known about the cross-national population prevalence or correlates of personality disorders. Aims: To estimate prevalence and correlates of DSM-IV personality disorder clusters in the World Health organization World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys. Method: International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) screening questions in 13 countries (n = 21 162) were calibrated to masked IPDE clinical diagnoses. Prevalence and correlates were estimated using multiple imputation. Results: Prevalence estimates are 6.1% (s.e. = 0.3) for any personality disorder and 3.6% (s.e.= 0.3), 1.5% (s.e.= 0.1) and 2.7% (s.e. = 0.2) for Clusters A, B and C respectively. Personality disorders are significantly elevated among males, the previously married (Cluster C), unemployed (Cluster C), the young (Clusters A and B) and the poorly educated. Personality disorders are highly comorbid with Axis I disorders. Impairments associated with personality disorders are only partially explained by comorbidity. Conclusions: Personality disorders are relatively common disorders that often co-occur with Axis I disorders and are associated with significant role impairments beyond those due to comorbidity.
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    Cross-national prevalence and risk factors for suicidal ideation, plans and attempts
    (ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS, BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON SW1X 8PG, ENGLAND, 2008) Nock, Matthew K.; Borges, Guilherme; Bromet, Evelyn J.; Alonso, Jordi; Angermeyer, Matthias; Beautrais, Annette; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Chiu, Wai Tat; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Gluzman, Semyon; De Graaf, Ron; Gureje, Oye; Haro, Josep Maria; Huang, Yueqin; Karam, Elie; Kessler, Ronald C.; Lepine, Jean Pierre; Levinson, Daphna; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Ono, Yutaka; Posada-Villa, José; Williams, David; Harvard Univ, Dept Psychol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; nock@wjh.harvard.edu
    Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide; however, the prevalence and risk factors for the immediate precursors to suicide - suicidal ideation, plans and attempts - are not well-known, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Aims: To report on the prevalence and risk factors for suicidal behaviours across 17 countries. Method: A total of 84850 adults were interviewed regarding suicidal behaviours and socio-demographic and psychiatric risk factors. Results: The cross-national lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts is 9.2% (s.e.=0.1), 3.1% (s.e.=0.1), and 2.7% (s.e.=0.1). Across all countries, 60% of transitions from ideation to plan and attempt occur within the first year after ideation onset. Consistent cross-national risk factors included being female, younger, less educated, unmarried and having a mental disorder. interestingly, the strongest diagnostic risk factors were mood disorders in high-income countries but impulse control disorders in low- and middle-income countries. Conclusion: There is cross-national variability in the prevalence of suicidal behaviours, but strong consistency in the characteristics and risk factors for these behaviours. These findings have significant implications for the prediction and prevention of suicidal behaviours. Declaration of interests: None. Funding detailed in Acknowledgements.
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    The epidemiology of suicide-related outcomes in Mexico
    (GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC, 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA, 2007) Borges, Guilherme; Nock, Matthew K.; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Benjet, Corina; Lara, Carmen; Chiu, Wai Tat; Kessler, Ronald C.; Inst Nacl Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente, Direcc Invest Epidemiol & Psicosociales, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico; guibor@imp.edu.mx
    Nationally representative data from the Mexican National Comorbidity Survey are presented on the lifetime prevalence and age-of-onsct (AOO) distributions of suicide ideation, plan and attempt and on temporally prior demographic and DSM-IV psychiatric risk factors. Lifetime ideation was reported by 8.1% of respondents, while 3.2% reported a lifetime plan and 2.7% a lifetime suicide attempt. Onset of all outcomes was highest in adolescence and early adulthood. The risk of transition from suicide ideation to plan and attempt was highest within the first year of onset of ideation. The presence of one or more temporally prior DSM-IV/CIDI (Composite International Diagnostic Instrument) disorder was strongly related to each suicide-related outcome. Suicidal outcomes are prevalent, have an early AOO, and are strongly related to temporally prior mental disorders in Mexico. Given the early AOO, intervention efforts need to focus more than currently on children and adolescents with mental disorders to be effective in prevention.
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    Prevalence and age of onset for drug use in seven international sites: results from the international consortium of psychiatric epidemiology
    (Lausanne, Elsevier Sequoia, 2002) Vega, William A.; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Andrade, Laura; Bijl, Rob; Borges, Guilherme; Caraveo-Anduaga, Jorge J.; DeWit, David J.; Heeringa, Steven G.; Kessler, Ronald C.; Kolody, Bo; Merikangas, Kathleen R.; Molnar, Beth E.; Walters, Ellen E.; Warner, Lynn A.; Hans-Ulrich, Wittchen; Institute for Quality, Research, and Training, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School-UMDNJ, 335 George Street, 3rd Floor, Liberty Plaza, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; vegawa@umdnj.edu
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    Patterns and predictors of treatment seeking after onset of a substance use disorder
    (2001) Kessler, Ronald C.; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Berglund, Patricia A.; Caraveo-Anduaga, Jorge J.; DeWit, David J.; Greenfield, Shelly F.; Kolody, Bohdan; Olfson, Mark; Vega, William A.; Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, 180 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
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    Prevalence of and risk factors for lifetime suicide attempts in the National Comorbidity Survey
    (1999) Kessler, Ronald C.; Borges, Guilherme; Walters, Ellen E.; Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA.; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
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    Drop out from out-patient mental healthcare in the World Health Organization's World Mental Health Survey initiative 
    (Royal College of Psychiatrists, British Journal of Psychiatry 17 Belgrave Square, London SW1X 8PG, England, 2013) Wells, J. Elisabeth; Browne, Mark Oakley; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Al-Hamzawi, Ali; Alonso, Jordi; Angermeyer, Matthias C.; Bouzan, Colleen; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Bunting, Brendan; Caldas-de-Almeida, Jose Miguel; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Florescu, Silvia; Fukao, Akira; Gureje, Oye; Hinkov, Hristo Ruskov; Hu, Chiyi; Hwang, Irving; Karam, Elie G.; Kostyuchenko, Stanislav; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane; Levinson, Daphna; Liu, Zhaorui; Medina-Mora, Maria Elena; Nizamie, S. Hague; Posada-Villa, Jose; Sampson, Nancy A.; Stein, Dan J.; Viana, Maria Carmen; Kessler, Ronald C.; Univ Otago, Dept Publ Hlth & Gen Practice, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; elisabeth.wells@otago.ac.nz 
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    Dissociation in posttraumatic stress disorder: evidence from the World Mental Health Surveys
    (2013) Stein, Dan J.; Koenen, Karestan C.; Friedman, Matthew J.; Hill, Eric; McLaughlin, Katie A.; Petukhova, Maria; Meron Ruscio, Ayelet; Shahly, Victoria; Spiegel, David; Borges, Guilherme; Bunting, Brendan; Caldas-de-Almeida, Jose Miguel; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Demyttenaere, Koen; Florescu, Silvia; Haro, Josep Maria; Karam, Elie G.; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane; Lee, Sing; Matschinger, Herbert; Mladenova, Maya; Posada-Villa, Jose; Tachimori, Hisateru; Viana, Maria Carmen; Kessler, Ronald C.; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health (DJS), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu