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Author: search.filters.author.De Girolamo, GiovanniSubject: search.filters.subject.Prevalence

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    Early-Life Mental Disorders and Adult Household Income in the World Mental Health Surveys
    (Elsevier Science INC, 360 Park Ave South, New York, NY 10010-1710 USA, 2012) Kawakami, Norito; Abdulghani, Emad Abdulrazaq; Alonso, Jordi; Bromet, Evelyn J.; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Caldas-de-Almeida, José Miguel; Chiu, Wai Tat; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Fayyad, John; Ferry, Finola; Florescu, Silvia; Gureje, Oye; Hu, Chiyi; Lakoma, Matthew D.; LeBlanc, William; Lee, Sing; Levinson, Daphna; Malhotra, Savita; Matschinger, Herbert; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Nakamura, Yosikazu; Browne, Mark A. Oakley; Okoliyski, Michail; Posada-Villa, José; Sampson, Nancy A.; Viana, María Carmen; Kessler, Ronald C.; Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, 180 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA.; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
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    Smoking estimates from around the world: data from the first 17 participating countries in the World Mental Health Survey Consortium
    (B M J Publishing Group, British Med Assoc House, Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9JR, England, 2010) Storr, Carla L.; Cheng, Hui; Alonso, Jordi; Angermeyer, Matthias; Bruffaerts, Ronny; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Gureje, Oye; Karam, Elie G.; Kostyuchenko, Stanislav; Lee, Sing; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Medina Mora, María Elena; Myer, Landon; Neumark, Yehuda; Posada-Villa, José; Watanabe, Makoto; Wells, J. Elisabeth; Kessler, Ronald C.; Anthony, James C.; Univ Maryland, Sch Nursing, Dept Family & Community Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA; cstor002@son.umaryland.edu
    Objective To contribute new multinational findings on basic descriptive features of smoking and cessation, based upon standardised community surveys of adults residing in seven low-income and middle-income countries and 10 higher-income countries from all regions of the world. Methods Data were collected using standardised interviews and community probability sample survey methods conducted as part of the WHO World Mental Health Surveys Initiative. Demographic and socioeconomic correlates of smoking are studied using cross-tabulation and logistic regression approaches. Within-country sample weights were applied with variance estimation appropriate for complex sample survey designs. Results Estimated prevalence of smoking experience (history of ever smoking) and current smoking varied across the countries under study. In all but four countries, one out of every four adults currently smoked. In higher-income countries, estimated proportions of former smokers (those who had quit) were roughly double the corresponding estimates for most low-income and middle-income countries. Characteristics of smokers varied within individual countries, and in relation to the World Bank's low-medium-high gradient of economic development. In stark contrast to a sturdy male-female difference in the uptake of smoking seen in each country, there is no consistent sex-associated pattern in the odds of remaining a smoker (versus quitting). Conclusion The World Mental Health Surveys estimates complement existing global tobacco monitoring efforts. The observed global diversity of associations with smoking and smoking cessation underscore reasons for implementation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control provisions and prompt local adaptation of prevention and control interventions.
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    DSM-IV personality disorders in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
    (Royal College of Psychiatrists, British Journal of Psychiatry 17 Belgrave Square, London SW1X 8PG, England, 2009) Huang, Yueqin; Kotov, Roman; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Preti, Antonio; Angermeyer, Matthias; Benjet, Corina; Demyttenaere, Koen; De Graaf, Ron; Gureje, Oye; Karam, Aimee Nasser; Lee, Sing; Lepine, Jean Pierre; Matschinger, Herbert; Posada-Villa, José; Suliman, Sharain; Vilagut, Gemma; Kessler, Ronald C.; Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
    Background: Little is known about the cross-national population prevalence or correlates of personality disorders. Aims: To estimate prevalence and correlates of DSM-IV personality disorder clusters in the World Health organization World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys. Method: International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) screening questions in 13 countries (n = 21 162) were calibrated to masked IPDE clinical diagnoses. Prevalence and correlates were estimated using multiple imputation. Results: Prevalence estimates are 6.1% (s.e. = 0.3) for any personality disorder and 3.6% (s.e.= 0.3), 1.5% (s.e.= 0.1) and 2.7% (s.e. = 0.2) for Clusters A, B and C respectively. Personality disorders are significantly elevated among males, the previously married (Cluster C), unemployed (Cluster C), the young (Clusters A and B) and the poorly educated. Personality disorders are highly comorbid with Axis I disorders. Impairments associated with personality disorders are only partially explained by comorbidity. Conclusions: Personality disorders are relatively common disorders that often co-occur with Axis I disorders and are associated with significant role impairments beyond those due to comorbidity.
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    Common chronic pain conditions in developed and developing countries: Gender and age differences and comorbidity with depression-anxiety disorders.
    (CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE, JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND, 2008) Tsang, Adley; Von Korff, Michael; Lee, Sing; Alonso, Jordi; Karam, Elie; Angermeyer, Matthias C.; Borges, Guilherme Luiz Guimaraes; Bromet, Evelyn J.; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Gureje, Oye; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Haro, Josep Maria; Levinson, Daphna; Oakley Browne, Mark A.; Posada-Villa, José; Seedat, Soraya; Watanabe, Makoto; Hong Kong Mood Disorders Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, Hong Kong, PRC.; guibor@imp.edu.mx
    Although there is a growing body of research concerning the prevalence and correlates of chronic pain conditions and their association with mental disorders, cross-national research on age and gender differences is limited. The present study reports the prevalence by age and gender of common chronic pain conditions (headache, back or neck pain, arthritis or joint pain, and other chronic pain) in 10 developed and 7 developing countries and their association with the spectrum of both depressive and anxiety disorders. It draws on data from 18 general adult population surveys using a common survey questionnaire (N _ 42,249). Results show that age-standardized prevalence of chronic pain conditions in the previous 12 months was 37.3% in developed countries and 41.1% in developing countries, with back pain and headache being somewhat more common in developing than developed countries. After controlling for comorbid chronic physical diseases, several findings were consistent across developing and developed countries. There was a higher prevalence of chronic pain conditions among females and older persons; and chronic pain was similarly associated with depression-anxiety spectrum disorders in developed and developing countries. However, the large majority of persons reporting chronic pain did not meet criteria for depression or anxiety disorder. We conclude that common pain conditions affect a large percentage of persons in both developed and developing countries.
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    The relation between multiple pains and mental disorders: Results from the World Mental Health Surveys
    (Churchill Livingstone, Journal Production Dept, Robert Stevenson House, 1-3 Baxters Place, Leith Walk, Edinburgh EH1 3AF, Midlothian, Scotland, 2008) Gureje, Oye; Von Korff, Michael; Kola, Lola; Demyttenaere, Koen; He, Yanling; Posada-Villa, José; Lepine, Jean Pierre; Angermeyer, Matthias C.; Levinson, Daphna; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Iwata, Noboru; Karam, Aimee; Borges, Guilherme Luiz Guimaraes; De Graaf, Ron; Browne, Mark Oakley; Stein, Dan J.; Maria Haro, Josep; Bromet, Evelyn J.; Kessler, Ron C.; Alonso, Jordi; Univ Ibadan, Dept Psychiat, Ibadan, Nigeria; ogureje@comui.edu.ng
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    Cross-national prevalence and risk factors for suicidal ideation, plans and attempts
    (ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS, BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON SW1X 8PG, ENGLAND, 2008) Nock, Matthew K.; Borges, Guilherme; Bromet, Evelyn J.; Alonso, Jordi; Angermeyer, Matthias; Beautrais, Annette; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Chiu, Wai Tat; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Gluzman, Semyon; De Graaf, Ron; Gureje, Oye; Haro, Josep Maria; Huang, Yueqin; Karam, Elie; Kessler, Ronald C.; Lepine, Jean Pierre; Levinson, Daphna; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Ono, Yutaka; Posada-Villa, José; Williams, David; Harvard Univ, Dept Psychol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; nock@wjh.harvard.edu
    Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide; however, the prevalence and risk factors for the immediate precursors to suicide - suicidal ideation, plans and attempts - are not well-known, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Aims: To report on the prevalence and risk factors for suicidal behaviours across 17 countries. Method: A total of 84850 adults were interviewed regarding suicidal behaviours and socio-demographic and psychiatric risk factors. Results: The cross-national lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts is 9.2% (s.e.=0.1), 3.1% (s.e.=0.1), and 2.7% (s.e.=0.1). Across all countries, 60% of transitions from ideation to plan and attempt occur within the first year after ideation onset. Consistent cross-national risk factors included being female, younger, less educated, unmarried and having a mental disorder. interestingly, the strongest diagnostic risk factors were mood disorders in high-income countries but impulse control disorders in low- and middle-income countries. Conclusion: There is cross-national variability in the prevalence of suicidal behaviours, but strong consistency in the characteristics and risk factors for these behaviours. These findings have significant implications for the prediction and prevention of suicidal behaviours. Declaration of interests: None. Funding detailed in Acknowledgements.
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    Drop out from out-patient mental healthcare in the World Health Organization's World Mental Health Survey initiative 
    (Royal College of Psychiatrists, British Journal of Psychiatry 17 Belgrave Square, London SW1X 8PG, England, 2013) Wells, J. Elisabeth; Browne, Mark Oakley; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Al-Hamzawi, Ali; Alonso, Jordi; Angermeyer, Matthias C.; Bouzan, Colleen; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Bunting, Brendan; Caldas-de-Almeida, Jose Miguel; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Florescu, Silvia; Fukao, Akira; Gureje, Oye; Hinkov, Hristo Ruskov; Hu, Chiyi; Hwang, Irving; Karam, Elie G.; Kostyuchenko, Stanislav; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane; Levinson, Daphna; Liu, Zhaorui; Medina-Mora, Maria Elena; Nizamie, S. Hague; Posada-Villa, Jose; Sampson, Nancy A.; Stein, Dan J.; Viana, Maria Carmen; Kessler, Ronald C.; Univ Otago, Dept Publ Hlth & Gen Practice, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; elisabeth.wells@otago.ac.nz 
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    Dissociation in posttraumatic stress disorder: evidence from the World Mental Health Surveys
    (2013) Stein, Dan J.; Koenen, Karestan C.; Friedman, Matthew J.; Hill, Eric; McLaughlin, Katie A.; Petukhova, Maria; Meron Ruscio, Ayelet; Shahly, Victoria; Spiegel, David; Borges, Guilherme; Bunting, Brendan; Caldas-de-Almeida, Jose Miguel; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Demyttenaere, Koen; Florescu, Silvia; Haro, Josep Maria; Karam, Elie G.; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane; Lee, Sing; Matschinger, Herbert; Mladenova, Maya; Posada-Villa, Jose; Tachimori, Hisateru; Viana, Maria Carmen; Kessler, Ronald C.; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health (DJS), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
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    Cumulative traumas and risk thresholds: 12-month ptsd in the world mental health (WMH) surveys
    (2014) Karam, Elie G.; Friedman, Matthew J.; Hill, Eric D.; Kessler, Ronald C.; McLaughlin, Katie A.; Petukhova, Maria; Sampson, Laura; Shahly, Victoria; Angermeyer, Matthias C.; Bromet, Evelyn J.; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Demyttenaere, Koen; Ferry, Finola; Florescu, Silvia E.; Haro, Josep Maria; He, Yanling; Karam, Aimee N.; Kawakami, Norito; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Browne Oakley, Mark A.; Posada-Villa, José A.; Shalev, Arieh Y.; Stein, Dan J.; Viana, Maria Carmen; Zarkov, Zahari; Koenen, Karestan C.; Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy, and Applied Care (IDRAAC), St. George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; kck5@mail.cumc.columbia.edu
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    Associations between DSM-IV mental disorders and subsequent non-fatal, self-reported stroke
    (2015) Swain, Nicola R.; Lim, Carmen C.W.; Levinson, Daphna; Fiestas, Fabian; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Moskalewicz, Jacek; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Posada-Villa, Jose; Haro, Josep Maria; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Xavier, Miguel; Iwata, Noboru; De Jonge, Peter; Bruffaerts, Ronny; O’Neill, Siobhan; Kessler, Ron C.; Scott, Kate M.; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; nicola.swain@otago.ac.nz