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Item Traumatic life-events and suicidality among Mexican adolescents as they grow up: A longitudinal community survey(Pergamon Press, 2021) Borges, Guilherme; Benjet, Corina; Orozco, Ricardo; Medina-Mora, Maria Elena; Mendez, Enrique; Molnar, Beth E.Item Traumatic life-events and alcohol and drug use disorders among Mexican adolescents: Bidirectional associations over 8 years(Elsevier, 2021) Borges, Guilherme; Benjet, Corina; Orozco, Ricardo; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México Xochimilco No. 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, CP: 14370 Mexico City, Mexico; guibor@imp.edu.mx, guilhermelgborges@gmail.com (G. Borges)Item Chronic childhood adversity and speed of transition through stages of alcohol involvement(Elsevier, 2019) Del Valle Tena, Omar; Benjet, Corina; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Borges, Guilherme; Wagner, Fernando A.; Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Universidad 3004, Copilco, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; cbenjet@imp.edu.mx (C. Benjet)Item La medición de la conducta suicida en México: estimaciones y procedimientos(Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, México, D.F. Tel. 4160-5000., 2001) Mondragón, Liliana; Borges, Guilherme; Gutiérrez, Reyna; Investigadores del Departamento de Investigaciones en Servicios de Salud. Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales. Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente MuñizEste es un análisis de los resultados de varios estudios en diferentes poblaciones de México sobre el intento y la ideación suicida, en el que se utilizaron diferentes metodologías e instrumentos para medirlos. En su mayoría, estos fueron encuestas representativas de muestras de hogares y escuelas, así como estudios en escenarios clínicos. La prevalencia más alta de intento de suicidio fue de 10%. La prevalencia de ideación suicida más alta fue de 40.7%. Se encontraron diferencias importantes en los instrumentos utilizados para medir la conducta suicida y su temporalidad, y en los puntos de corte utilizados para definir los casos. Este análisis de la información nos permitirá obtener datos más precisos sobre el intento y la ideación suicida en la población mexicana, los cuales son muy importantes para diseñar las políticas de salud. Unificando los criterios de los investigadores, se contará con mejores registros sobre el intento y la ideación suicida.Item Los problemas psicosociales y el suicidio en jóvenes. Estado actual y perspectivas(1996) González-Forteza, Catalina; Borges, Guilherme; Gómez Castro, Cecilia; Jiménez Tapia, Alberto; División de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Sociales. Instituto Mexicano de Psiquiatría. Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, México, D.F.La problemática del acto suicida en los adolescentes, es un tema de investigación relevante, dada la creciente incidencia del mismo. En este trabajo, en primer lugar, se muestra el panorama epidemiológico del acto suicida en los ámbitos nacional e internacional, enfocándose en la población adolescente, como marco contextual para comprender el impacto creciente de esta problemática. En segundo lugar, se señalan algunos indicadores de riesgos identificados: trastornos psiquiátricos, conducta suicida previa y consumo de alcohol y drogas. En tercer lugar, se presenta una revisión bibliográfica de las investigaciones realizadas en México, enfatizando las aportaciones hechas por el Instituto Mexicano de Psiquiatría. Por último, a modo de perspectivas, se reportan brevemente algunos hallazgos recientes y se exponen algunas reflexiones que podrían considerarse al realizar investigaciones sobre este fenómeno desde la perspectiva psicosocial.Item Threshold and Optimal Cut-Points for Alcohol Use Disorders Among Patients in the Emergency Department(WILEY-BLACKWELL, COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA, 2011) Borges, Guilherme; Cherpitel, Cheryl J.; Ye, Yu; Bond, Jason; Cremonte, Mariana; Moskalewicz, Jacek; Swiatkiewicz, Grazyna; Inst Nacl Psiquiatria, Dept Invest Epidemiol, Direcc Invest Epidemiol & Psicosociales, Calzada Mexico Xochimilco 101, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico.; guibor@imp.edu.mxBackground: Current research suggests that Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM)-IV alcohol abuse and dependence form a unidimensional continuum in emergency department (ED) patients in 4 countries: Argentina, Mexico, Poland, and the United States. In this continuum of alcohol use disorder (AUD), there are no clear-cut distinctions between the criteria for dependence and abuse in the severity dimension based on prior results from item response theory (IRT) analysis. Nevertheless, it is desirable to find a threshold for identifying cases for clinical practice and cut-points of clinical utility in this continuum to distinguish between patients more or less affected by an AUD, using a scale of symptoms count. Methods: Data from 5,193 patients in 7 ED sites in the same 4 countries (3,191 current drinkers) were used to study the structure, threshold, and possible cut-points for the diagnoses of AUD. Results: The proposed changes in the DSM-V, dropping the abuse item "legal problems" and adding an item on "craving," did not impact the IRT performance and unidimensionality of AUD in this sample. With a total set of 11 items (deleting "legal problems" and adding "craving" to the current set of DSM criteria), an endorsement of 2 or more criteria can be used as the threshold to define those with an AUD in clinical practice. Furthermore, we can distinguish at least 2 levels of clinical severity, 2 to 3 criteria (moderate), and 4 or more criteria (severe). Conclusions: A dimensional approach to AUD using the proposed new set of criteria for the DSM-V can be used to propose a threshold and levels of severity. More research in different populations and countries is needed to further substantiate a threshold and cut-points that could be used in new formulations of substance use disorders.Item Psychiatric disorders, comorbidity, and suicidality in Mexico(Elsevier Science BV, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2010) Borges, Guilherme; Nock, Matthew K.; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Hwang, Irving; Kessler, Ronald C.; Inst Nacl Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente, Direcc Invest Epidemiol & Psicosociales, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico; guibor@imp.edu.mxBackground: Prior studies have reported that psychiatric disorders are among the strongest predictors of suicidal behavior (i.e., suicide ideation, plans, and attempts). However, surprisingly little is known about the independent associations between each disorder and each suicidal behavior due to a failure to account for comorbidity. Methods: This study used data from a representative sample of 5782 respondents participating in the Mexican National Comorbidity Survey (2001-2002) to examine the unique associations between psychiatric disorders and suicidality. Results: A prior psychiatric disorder was present in 48.8% of those with a suicide ideation and in 65.2% of those with an attempt. Discrete-time survival models adjusting for comorbidity revealed that conduct disorder and alcohol abuse/dependence were the strongest predictors of a subsequent suicide attempt. Most disorders predicted suicidal ideation but few predicted the transition from ideation to a suicide plan or attempt. Limitations: M-NCS is a household survey that excluded homeless and institutionalized people, and the diagnostic instrument used did not include an assessment of all DSM-IV disorders which would increase the comorbidity discussed here. Conclusions: These results reveal a complex pattern of associations in which diverse psychiatric disorders impact different parts of the pathway to suicide attempts. These findings will help inform clinical and public health efforts aimed at suicide prevention in Mexico and other developing countries. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Item Youth mental health in a populous city of the developing world: results from the Mexican Adolescent Mental Health Survey(WILEY-BLACKWELL, COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA, 2009) Benjet, Corina; Borges, Guilherme; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Zambrano, Joaquín; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Inst Nacl Psiquiatria, Dept Invest Epidemiol, Direcc Invest Epidemiol & Psicosociales, Calzada Mexico Xochimilco 101, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico.; cbenjet@imp.edu.mxBecause the epidemiologic data available for adolescents from the developing world is scarce, the objective is to estimate the prevalence and severity of psychiatric disorders among Mexico City adolescents, the socio-demographic correlates associated with these disorders and service utilization patterns. This is a multistage probability survey of adolescents aged 12 to 17 residing in Mexico City. Participants were administered the computer-assisted adolescent version of the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview by trained lay interviewers in their homes. The response rate was 71% (n = 3005). Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed considering the multistage and weighted sample design of the survey. One in every eleven adolescents has suffered a serious mental disorder, one in five a disorder of moderate severity and one in ten a mild disorder. The majority did not receive treatment. The anxiety disorders were the most prevalent but least severe disorders. The most severe disorders were more likely to receive treatment. The most consistent socio-demographic correlates of mental illness were sex, dropping out of school, and burden unusual at the adolescent stage, such as having had a child, being married or being employed. Parental education was associated with treatment utilization. These high prevalence estimates coupled with low service utilization rates suggest that a greater priority should be given to adolescent mental health in Mexico and to public health policy that both expands the availability of mental health services directed at the adolescent population and reduces barriers to the utilization of existing services.Item The epidemiology of suicide-related outcomes in Mexico(GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC, 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA, 2007) Borges, Guilherme; Nock, Matthew K.; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Benjet, Corina; Lara, Carmen; Chiu, Wai Tat; Kessler, Ronald C.; Inst Nacl Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente, Direcc Invest Epidemiol & Psicosociales, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico; guibor@imp.edu.mxNationally representative data from the Mexican National Comorbidity Survey are presented on the lifetime prevalence and age-of-onsct (AOO) distributions of suicide ideation, plan and attempt and on temporally prior demographic and DSM-IV psychiatric risk factors. Lifetime ideation was reported by 8.1% of respondents, while 3.2% reported a lifetime plan and 2.7% a lifetime suicide attempt. Onset of all outcomes was highest in adolescence and early adulthood. The risk of transition from suicide ideation to plan and attempt was highest within the first year of onset of ideation. The presence of one or more temporally prior DSM-IV/CIDI (Composite International Diagnostic Instrument) disorder was strongly related to each suicide-related outcome. Suicidal outcomes are prevalent, have an early AOO, and are strongly related to temporally prior mental disorders in Mexico. Given the early AOO, intervention efforts need to focus more than currently on children and adolescents with mental disorders to be effective in prevention.