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Item Diagnostic profiles in adolescence and emerging adulthood: transition patterns and risk factors(Elsevier, 2023) Torre-Luque, Alejandro de la; Borges, Guilherme; Benjet, Corina; Orozco, Ricardo; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Ayuso-Mateos, Jose Luis; Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; af.delatorre@ucm.es (A. de la Torre-Luque)Item Childhood emotional dysregulation paths for suicide‑related behaviour engagement in adolescence(Springer, 2023) Torre-Luque, Alajandro de la; Essau, Cecilia A.; Lara, Elvira; Leal-Leturia, Itziar; Borges, Guilherme; Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM)School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 2 Seneca Avenue, 28046 Madrid, Spain; af.delatorre@ucm.es (Alejandro de la Torre-Luque)Item Chronic childhood adversity and stages of substance use involvement in adolescents(ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD, ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND, 2013) Benjet, Corina; Borges, Guilherme; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Méndez, Enrique; Natl Inst Psychiat Ramon de la Fuente, Calzada Mexico Xochimilco 101, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico.; cbenjet@imp.edu.mxItem Epidemiología de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en una muestra representativa de adolescentes(Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, México, D.F. Tel. 4160-5000., 2012) Benjet, Corina; Méndez, Enrique; Borges, Guilherme; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz.; cbenjet@imp.edu.mxObjetivos. El presente trabajo tiene el objetivo de estimar la prevalencia de anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa y el trastorno por atracones en la población general de adolescentes del Distrito Federal. Asimismo se pretende proporcionar una descripción de las características socio-demográficas y clínicas de los jóvenes que cumplen criterios diagnósticos según el DSM-IV para estos trastornos, la proporción de discapacidad, comorbilidad psiquiátrica y conducta suicida para cada trastorno y estimar la utilización de servicios. Material y métodos. Los datos provienen de la Encuesta Mexicana de Salud Mental Adolescente, una encuesta con diseño probabilístico y multietápico representativa de adolescentes entre los 12 y 17 años, residentes del Distrito Federal y área conurbada. Se entrevistó a 3005 adolescentes en sus hogares utilizando como instrumento diagnóstico la Entrevista Internacional Diagnóstica Compuesta (WMH-CIDI-A), aplicada cara a cara, por medio de una computadora portátil, por encuestadores capacitados. La tasa de respuesta fue de 71%. Resultados. La prevalencia alguna vez de anorexia, bulimia y el trastorno por atracones se estima en 0.5%, 1.0% y 1.4%, respectivamente. Entre 83 y 100% reportan discapacidad y todos aquellos con anorexia y casi la mitad de aquellos con bulimia y atracones reportan discapacidad grave. Sin embargo, ni una cuarta parte con uno de estos trastornos ha recibido tratamiento a pesar de la discapacidad que generan. Hay mayor prevalencia de trastornos comórbidos, conducta suicida y adversidades psicosociales en jóvenes con trastornos alimentarios que en aquellos sin ellos. Conclusiones. Los hallazgos muestran una brecha entre las necesidades de atención y el tratamiento para estos trastornos en nuestra población adolescente. Señalan la importancia de programas para la prevención de conductas alimentarias riesgosas, la detección temprana con un enfoque en grupos vulnerables (por ejemplo quienes han sufrido alguna adversidad como abuso sexual), y la reducción de barreras para la búsqueda y utilización de servicios.Item The association of chronic adversity with psychiatric disorder and disorder severity in adolescents(SPRINGER, 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA, 2011) Benjet, Corina; Borges, Guilherme; Méndez, Enrique; Fleiz, Clara; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Inst Nacl Psiquiatria, Dept Invest Epidemiol, Direcc Invest Epidemiol & Psicosociales, Calzada Mexico Xochimilco 101, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico.; cbenjet@imp.edu.mxItem Service use among Mexico City adolescents with suicidality(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 2010) Borges, Guilherme; Benjet, Corina; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Orozco, Ricardo; Familiar, Itziar; Nock, Matthew K.; Wang, Philip S.; Inst Nacl Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente, Direcc Invest Epidemiol & Psicosociales, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico; guibor@imp.edu.mxBackground: We report the lifetime and 12-month prevalence and associations of mental health treatment among Mexican adolescents with suicide-related outcomes (SROs; including ideation, plans, gestures and attempts). Methods: A representative multistage probability household survey of 3005 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years residing in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area was carried out in 2005. Discrete-time survival analyses were used to assess the relationships between SROs and receiving treatment for emotional, alcohol, or drug problems. Results: The prevalence of lifetime service use among respondents with SROs was 35% for those with ideation only, 44% for those with ideation and plan, 49% for those with gesture and 50% for those with attempt; the prevalence of 12-month service use was 10%, 24%, 6% and 21%, respectively. Timing between onset of SRO and receiving treatment for emotional, alcohol, or drug problems showed that about 50% of adolescents will have contact with a service provider before developing any SRO. Healthcare professionals were the most likely to be consulted, followed by school-based programs. Limitations: This survey was limited to adolescents living in one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world and the analyses used data on retrospectively reported ages of onset that are subject to recall errors. Conclusions: Most suicidal adolescents do not receive treatment, and many adolescents develop their suicidality in spite of prior contacts with service providers. Interventions to increase treatment, prevention, and monitoring are sorely needed for this vulnerable population. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Item Descriptive Epidemiology of Chronic Childhood Adversity in Mexican Adolescents(Elsevier Science Inc, 360 Park Ave South, New York, NY 10010-1710 USA, 2009) Benjet, Corina; Borges, Guilherme; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Zambrano, Joaquín; Cruz, Carlos; Méndez, Enrique; Inst Nacl Psiquiatria, Dept Invest Epidemiol, Direcc Invest Epidemiol & Psicosociales, Calzada Mexico Xochimilco 101, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico.; cbenjet@imp.edu.mxPurpose: To estimate the prevalence of adversity (neglect and abuse, parental loss, parental psychopathology, economic adversity, and serious physical illness), the interrelatedness of adversities, and their socio-demographic correlates. Methods: This is a multistage probability survey of 3005 adolescents aged 12-17 years residing in Mexico City. Youth were administered the computer-assisted adolescent version of the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview in their homes. The childhood and posttraumatic stress disorder sections provided information regarding adversity. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed considering the multistage and weighted sample design. Results: A total of 68% of adolescents have experienced at least one type of chronic childhood adversity, whereas almost 7% have experienced four of more. The most frequent adversity is economic adversity followed by witnessing domestic violence. Boys experience more neglect than girls, and girls experience more sexual abuse than boys. Family dysfunction adversities tend to clump together such that youth exposed to abuse of any form also report witnessing domestic violence and parental mental pathology. Youth whose parents have divorced are likely to experience economic adversity. Parental death is independent of experiencing other childhood adversities. Older adolescents, school drop-outs, those with young mothers, those with more siblings, and those whose parents have less education are more likely to experience adversity. Conclusions: Although most adolescents have experienced some adversity, a small group is exposed to many adversities. Understanding the distribution of adversities may help us to identify at-risk youth and to better interpret the findings from studies on the role of adversity in diverse health outcomes. (C) 2009 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved.Item Traumatic events and suicide-related outcomes among Mexico City adolescents(Wiley-Blackwell, Commerce Place, 350 Main ST, Malden 02148, MA USA, 2008) Borges, Guilherme; Benjet, Corina; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Orozco, Ricardo; Molnar, Beth E.; Nock, Matthew K.; Inst Nacl Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente, Direcc Invest Epidemiol & Psicosociales, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico; guibor@imp.edu.mxBackground: We report the prevalence and associations between traumatic events and suicidal ideation, suicide plans and suicide attempts among Mexican adolescents. Methods: The data are from a representative multistage probability household survey of 3,005 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years residing in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area that was carried out in 2005. We used discrete time survival analyses to model the net impact of retrospectively reported prior occurrence of traumatic events on ideation, plans and attempts, taking into account the onset of psychiatric disorders. Results: Prevalence of suicidality was high among respondents with traumatic events, ranging from a 43% prevalence of suicidal ideation among those with a history of 'Being raped' to a 25% prevalence of suicide attempts among those that reported 'Purposely injured, tortured or killed someone.' In cross-sectional estimates, any traumatic event was associated with an increase of 3.2 times the odds of suicide ideation, 5.1 times the odds of a plan and 6.6 times the odds of an attempt. Number of events was also associated with increasing suicidality such that those with three or more events were 13.7 times more likely to report a suicide attempt than those with none. Multivariate discrete time survival models that took into account a large number of demographic, suicide-related and psychiatric disorder variables reduced in strength but did not alter these basic relationships. Conclusions: We conclude that traumatic events such as rape and sexual assault have a profound impact upon suicidality and that this relationship is not entirely explained by the onset of psychiatric disorders. Comprehensive interventions for adolescent victims of traumatic events, especially those with a history of cumulative events, should include, but not be restricted to, treatment of any associated psychiatric disorder.Item Body Mass Index and the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Children and Adolescents in Two Mexican Populations(ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA, 2007) Halley Castillo, Elizabeth; Borges, Guilherme; Talavera, Juan O.; Orozco, Ricardo; Vargas-Alemán, Claudia; Huitrón-Bravo, Gerardo; Díaz-Montiel, Juan Carlos; Castañón, Susana; Salmerón, Jorge; Inst Nacl Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente, Direcc Invest Epidemiol & Psicosociales, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico; guibor@imp.edu.mxTo report the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) among children and adolescents living in central Mexico, and its association with body mass index (BMI). Methods: In a sample of 1366 subjects from 7 to 24-years-old, a self-administered questionnaire was used to determined demographic characteristics. The definition of pediatric MS was determined using analogous criteria to Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) as _ 3 of the following: concentration of triglycerides _ 100 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol _ 45 mg/dL for males and _ 50 mg/dL for females, waist circumference _ 75th percentile (sex specific), glucose concentration _ 110 to _ 126 mg/dL, and systolic or diastolic blood pressure _ 90th percentile (age, height, and sex specific). Results: Most of the sample was in the 10–14- (32.4%) and the 15–19-year (35.4%) age groups, mostly females (57%), and 31% of this young sample was overweight (mean BMI _ 21.6 kg/m2). About 1 in every 5 participants had full criteria for MS (19.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 16.4 –22.1 among females, and 20.2%, 95% CI: 17.1–23.7 among males), and only 1 in every 10 was free of any MS component. The most common component was a low HDL level, observed in 85.4% of the sample. Unfavorable fat distribution, as indicated by a large waist circumference, was present in 27.9% of the sample. About 66% of those 10–14-year-olds with a large BMI were positive for MS. Conclusions: MS and overweight are major problems for youth in Mexico. Immediate and comprehensive actions at home and schools are needed if Mexico wants to avoid the heavy burden that this disorder will have for its population in the near future. © 2007 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved.Item La depresión con inicio temprano: prevalencia, curso natural y latencia para buscar tratamiento(Dirección General de Evaluación del Desempeño, Secretaría de Salud. Reforma 450, piso 12.col. Juárez. 06600 México DF, México., 2004) Benjet, Corina; Borges, Guilherme; Medina-Mora, Ma. Elena; Fleiz-Bautista, Clara; Zambrano-Ruíz, Joaquín; Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, colonia San Lorenzo Huipulco 14370, México, DF, México; cbenjet@imp.edu.mxConocer, en la población mexicana, la prevalencia de la depresión con inicio temprano, y comparar el curso natural, la comorbilidad y la latencia para buscar tratamiento entre los deprimidos con inicio temprano y aquellos con inicio en la edad adulta. Material y métodos. La Encuesta Nacional de Epidemiología Psiquiátrica es representativa de la población nacional urbana, de entre 18 a 65 años de edad. Se realizó en México, entre 2001 y 2002, con el instrumento diagnóstico de la versión computarizada de la Entrevista Internacional Compuesta de Diagnóstico. Los análisis toman en cuenta el diseño complejo de la muestra multietápica, estratificada y ponderada utilizando análisis descriptivo y regresiones logísticas. Resultados. El 2.0% de la población ha padecido depresión en la infancia o adolescencia con un promedio de siete episodios a lo largo de la vida (comparado con tres para los de inicio en la adultez), el primero persiste por unos 31 meses (comparado con 16 meses), durante los cuales generalmente no reciben tratamiento. Conclusiones. La mayor duración del primer episodio y el mayor número de episodios en la vida de aquellos con depresión de inicio temprano se debe a la falta de detección y tratamiento oportuno en jóvenes. El texto completo en inglés de este artículo está disponible en: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html