Browsing by Author "Wells, J. Elisabeth"

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Alcohol abuse in developed and developing countries in the World Mental Health Surveys: socially defined consequences or psychiatric disorder?
(2014) Glantz, Meyer D.; Medina‐Mora, Maria Elena; Petukhova, Maria; Andrade, Laura Helena; Anthony, James C.; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Degenhardt, Louisa; Demyttenaere, Koen; Florescu, Silvia; Gureje, Oye; FRCPsych; Haro, Josep Maria; Horiguchi, Itsuko; Karam, Elie G.; Kostyuchenko, Stanislav; Lee, Sing; Lépine, Jean‐Pierre; Matschinger, Herbert; Neumark, Yehuda; Posada‐Villa, Jose; Sagar, Rajesh; Stein, Dan J.; Tomov, Toma; Wells, J. Elisabeth; Chatterji, Somnath; Kessler, Ronald C.; Division of Epidemiology, Services, and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
Cross-National Comparisons of Sex Differences in Opportunities to Use Alcohol or Drugs, and the Transitions to Use
(INFORMA HEALTHCARE, TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND, 2011) Wells, J. Elisabeth; Maria Haro, Josep; Karam, Eli; Lee, Sing; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Medina-Mora, Ma. Elena; Nakane, Hideyuki; Posada, José; Anthony, James C.; Cheng, Hui; Degenhardt, Louisa; Angermeyer, Matthias; Bruffaerts, Ronny; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Glantz, Meyer; Gureje, Oye; Univ Otago, Dept Publ Hlth & Gen Practice, Christchurch Mail Ctr, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; elisabeth.wells@otago.ac.nz
Sex differences in opportunities to use alcohol or drugs, and transition to use, were investigated in 15 surveys, in 2001--2004 (Europe 6; Americas 3; Africa 2, Asia 3; Oceania 1). The paper focuses on 18--29 year olds (N == 9,873). The World Mental Health Survey Initiative oversaw the surveys; each country obtained its own funding. A complex picture emerged with different results for alcohol and for drugs and for opportunity to use and the transition to use. Sex differences in opportunity to use alcohol were small except in Lebanon and Nigeria, whereas for drugs, the largest differences were in Mexico and Colombia
Drop out from out-patient mental healthcare in the World Health Organization's World Mental Health Survey initiative
(Royal College of Psychiatrists, British Journal of Psychiatry 17 Belgrave Square, London SW1X 8PG, England, 2013) Wells, J. Elisabeth; Browne, Mark Oakley; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Al-Hamzawi, Ali; Alonso, Jordi; Angermeyer, Matthias C.; Bouzan, Colleen; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Bunting, Brendan; Caldas-de-Almeida, Jose Miguel; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Florescu, Silvia; Fukao, Akira; Gureje, Oye; Hinkov, Hristo Ruskov; Hu, Chiyi; Hwang, Irving; Karam, Elie G.; Kostyuchenko, Stanislav; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane; Levinson, Daphna; Liu, Zhaorui; Medina-Mora, Maria Elena; Nizamie, S. Hague; Posada-Villa, Jose; Sampson, Nancy A.; Stein, Dan J.; Viana, Maria Carmen; Kessler, Ronald C.; Univ Otago, Dept Publ Hlth & Gen Practice, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; elisabeth.wells@otago.ac.nz
Early Cannabis Use and Estimated Risk of Later Onset of Depression Spells: Epidemiologic Evidence From the Population-based World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative
(Cary, NC : Oxford University Press, 2010) De Graaf, Ron; Radovanovic, Mirjana; van Laar, Margriet; Fairman, Brian; Degenhardt, Louisa; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Bruffaerts, Ronny; de Girolamo, Giovanni; Fayyad, John; Gureje, Oye; Maria Haro, María; Huang , Yueqin; Kostychenko, Stanislav; Lépine, Jean-Pierre; Matschinger, Herbert; Medina Mora, María Elena; Neumark , Yehuda; Ormel, Johan; Posada-Villa, Jose; Stein, Dan J.; Tachimori, Hisateru; Wells, J. Elisabeth; Anthony, James C.; Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction; rgraaf@trimbos.nl
Evaluating the drug use "gateway" theory using cross-national data: Consistency and associations of the order of initiation of drug use among participants in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
(ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD, ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND, 2010) Degenhardt, Louisa; Dierker, Lisa; Chiu, Wai Tat; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Neumark, Yehuda; Sampson, Nancy; Alonso, Jordi; Angermeyer, Matthias; Anthony, James C.; Bruffaerts, Ronny; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Gureje, Oye; Karam, Aimee N.; Kostyuchenko, Stanislav; Lee, Sing; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Levinson, Daphna; Nakamura, Yosikazu; Posada-Villa, José; Stein, Dan; Wells, J. Elisabeth; Kessler, Ronald C.; Univ New S Wales, Natl Drug & Alcohol Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; l.degenhardt@unsw.edu.au
Background: It is unclear whether the normative sequence of drug use initiation, beginning with tobacco and alcohol, progressing to cannabis and then other illicit drugs, is due to causal effects of specific earlier drug use promoting progression, or to influences of other variables such as drug availability and attitudes. One way to investigate this is to see whether risk of later drug use in the sequence, conditional on use of drugs earlier in the sequence, changes according to time-space variation in use prevalence. We compared patterns and order of initiation of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and other illicit drug use across 17 countries with a wide range of drug use prevalence. Method: Analyses used data from World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys, a series of parallel community epidemiological surveys using the same instruments and field procedures carried out in 17 countries throughout the world. Results: Initiation of "gateway" substances (i.e. alcohol, tobacco and cannabis) was differentially associated with subsequent onset of other illicit drug use based on background prevalence of gateway substance use. Cross-country differences in substance use prevalence also corresponded to differences in the likelihood of individuals reporting a non-normative sequence of substance initiation. Conclusion: These results suggest the "gateway" pattern at least partially reflects unmeasured common causes rather than causal effects of specific drugs on subsequent use of others. This implies that successful efforts to prevent use of specific "gateway" drugs may not in themselves lead to major reductions in the use of later drugs. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Prevalence and Correlates of Bipolar Spectrum Disorder in the World Mental Health Survey Initiative
(AMER MEDICAL ASSOC, 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA, 2011) Merikangas, Kathleen R.; Jin, Robert; He, Jian-Ping; Kessler, Ronald C.; Lee, Sing; Sampson, Nancy A.; Viana, María Carmen; Andrade, Laura Helena; Hu, Chiyi; Karam, Elie G.; Ladea, María; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Ono, Yutaka; Posada-Villa, José; Sagar, Rajesh; Wells, J. Elisabeth; Zarkov, Zahari; NIMH, Genet Epidemiol Res Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA; kathleen.merikangas@nih.gov
Context: There is limited information on the prevalence and correlates of bipolar spectrum disorder in international population-based studies using common methods. Objectives: To describe the prevalence, impact, patterns of comorbidity, and patterns of service utilization for bipolar spectrum disorder (BPS) in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative. Design, Setting, and Participants: Crosssectional, face-to-face, household surveys of 61 392 community adults in 11 countries in the Americas, Europe, and Asia assessed with the World Mental Health version of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview, version 3.0, a fully structured, lay-administered psychiatric diagnostic interview. Main Outcome Measures: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) disorders, severity, and treatment. Results: The aggregate lifetime prevalences were 0.6% for bipolar type I disorder (BP-I), 0.4% for BP-II, 1.4% for subthreshold BP, and 2.4% for BPS. Twelve-month prevalences were 0.4% for BP-I, 0.3% for BP-II, 0.8% for subthreshold BP, and 1.5% for BPS. Severity of both manic and depressive symptoms as well as suicidal behavior increased monotonically from subthreshold BP to BP-I. By contrast, role impairment was similar across BP subtypes. Symptom severity was greater for depressive episodes than manic episodes, with approximately 74.0% of respondents with depression and 50.9% of respondents with mania reporting severe role impairment. Three-quarters of those with BPS met criteria for at least 1 other disorder, with anxiety disorders (particularly panic attacks) being the most common comorbid condition. Less than half of those with lifetime BPS received mental health treatment, particularly in low-income countries, where only 25.2% reported contact with the mental health system. Conclusions: Despite cross-site variation in the prevalence rates of BPS, the severity, impact, and patterns of comorbidity were remarkably similar internationally. The uniform increases in clinical correlates, suicidal behavior, and comorbidity across each diagnostic category provide evidence for the validity of the concept of BPS. Treatment needs for BPS are often unmet, particularly in low-income countries.
Rapid-cycling bipolar disorder: cross-national community study
(ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS, BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON SW1X 8PG, ENGLAND, 2010) Lee, Sing; Tsang, Adley; Kessler, Ronald C.; Jin, Robert; Sampson, Nancy; Andrade, Laura; Karam, Elie G.; Medina Mora, María Elena; Merikangas, Kathleen; Nakane, Yoshibumi; Popovici, Daniela Georgeta; Posada-Villa, José; Sagar, Rajesh; Wells, J. Elisabeth; Zarkov, Zahari; Petukhova, María; Prince Wales Hosp, Hong Kong Mood Disorders Ctr, 7A,Block E,Staff Quarters, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.; singlee@cuhk.edu.hk
Smoking estimates from around the world: data from the first 17 participating countries in the World Mental Health Survey Consortium
(B M J Publishing Group, British Med Assoc House, Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9JR, England, 2010) Storr, Carla L.; Cheng, Hui; Alonso, Jordi; Angermeyer, Matthias; Bruffaerts, Ronny; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Gureje, Oye; Karam, Elie G.; Kostyuchenko, Stanislav; Lee, Sing; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Medina Mora, María Elena; Myer, Landon; Neumark, Yehuda; Posada-Villa, José; Watanabe, Makoto; Wells, J. Elisabeth; Kessler, Ronald C.; Anthony, James C.; Univ Maryland, Sch Nursing, Dept Family & Community Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA; cstor002@son.umaryland.edu
Objective To contribute new multinational findings on basic descriptive features of smoking and cessation, based upon standardised community surveys of adults residing in seven low-income and middle-income countries and 10 higher-income countries from all regions of the world. Methods Data were collected using standardised interviews and community probability sample survey methods conducted as part of the WHO World Mental Health Surveys Initiative. Demographic and socioeconomic correlates of smoking are studied using cross-tabulation and logistic regression approaches. Within-country sample weights were applied with variance estimation appropriate for complex sample survey designs. Results Estimated prevalence of smoking experience (history of ever smoking) and current smoking varied across the countries under study. In all but four countries, one out of every four adults currently smoked. In higher-income countries, estimated proportions of former smokers (those who had quit) were roughly double the corresponding estimates for most low-income and middle-income countries. Characteristics of smokers varied within individual countries, and in relation to the World Bank's low-medium-high gradient of economic development. In stark contrast to a sturdy male-female difference in the uptake of smoking seen in each country, there is no consistent sex-associated pattern in the odds of remaining a smoker (versus quitting). Conclusion The World Mental Health Surveys estimates complement existing global tobacco monitoring efforts. The observed global diversity of associations with smoking and smoking cessation underscore reasons for implementation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control provisions and prompt local adaptation of prevention and control interventions.
Toward a global view of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and cocaine use: findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
(2008) Degenhardt, Louisa; Chiu, Wai-Tat; Sampson, Nancy; Kessler, Ronald C.; Anthony, James C.; Angermeyer, Matthias; Bruffaerts, Ronny; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Gureje, Oye; Huang, Yueqin; Karam, Aimee; Kostyuchenko, Stanislav; Lepine, Jean Pierre; Medina Mora, María Elena; Neumark, Yehuda; Ormel, J. Hans; Pinto-Meza, Alejandra; Posada-Villa, José; Stein, Dan J.; Takeshima, Tadashi; Wells, J. Elisabeth; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.; l.degenhardt@unsw.edu.au
Use of mental health services for anxiety, mood, and substance disorders in 17 countries in the WHO world mental health surveys
(LANCET LTD, 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND, 2007) Wang, Philip S.; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Alonso, Jordi; Angermeyer, Matthias C.; Borges, Guilherme; Bromet, Evelyn J.; Bruffaerts, Ronny; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Gureje, Oye; Haro, Josep Maria; Karam, Elie G.; Kessler, Ronald C.; Kovess, Viviane; Lane, Michael C.; Lee, Sing; Levinson, Daphna; Ono, Yutaka; Petukhova, María; Posada-Villa, José; Seedat, Soraya; Wells, J. Elisabeth; NIMH, Div Serv & Intervent Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA; wangphi@mail.nih.gov
Background Mental disorders are major causes of disability worldwide, including in the low-income and middle-income countries least able to bear such burdens. We describe mental health care in 17 countries participating in the WHO world mental health (WMH) survey initiative and examine unmet needs for treatment. Methods Face-to-face household surveys were undertaken with 84850 community adult respondents in low-income or middle-income (Colombia, Lebanon, Mexico, Nigeria, China, South Africa, Ukraine) and high-income countries (Belgium, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, USA). Prevalence and severity of mental disorders over 12 months, and mental health service use, were assessed with the WMH composite international diagnostic interview. Logistic regression analysis was used to study sociodemographic predictors of receiving any 12-month services. Findings The number of respondents using any 12-month mental health services (57 [2%; Nigeria] to 1477 [18%; USA]) was generally lower in developing than in developed countries, and the proportion receiving services tended to correspond to countries' percentages of gross domestic product spent on health care. Although seriousness of disorder was related to service use, only five (11%; China) to 46 (61%; Belgium) of patients with severe disorders received any care in the previous year. General medical sectors were the largest sources of mental health services. For respondents initiating treatments, 152 (70%; Germany) to 129 (95%; Italy) received any follow-up care, and one (10%; Nigeria) to 113 (42%; France) received treatments meeting minimum standards for adequacy. Patients who were male, married, less-educated, and at the extremes of age or income were treated less. Interpretation Unmet needs for mental health treatment are pervasive and especially concerning in less-developed countries. Alleviation of these unmet needs will require expansion and optimum allocation of treatment resources.