Browsing by Author "Orozco, R."

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    Acute alcohol use and the risk of non-fatal injury in sixteen countries
    (WILEY-BLACKWELL, COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA, 2006) Borges, G.; Cherpitel, C.J.; Orozco, R.; Bond, J.; Ye, Y.; MacDonald, S.; Giesbrecht, N.; Stockwell, T.; Cremonte, M.; Moskalewicz, J.; Swiatkiewicz, G.; Poznyak, V.; Inst Nacl Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente, Direcc Invest Epidemiol & Psicosociales, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico; guibor@imp.edu.mx
    Aims To determine the relative risk (RR) of non-fatal injury associated with alcohol consumption in a series of emergency departments (EDs), possible effect modifiers and the impact of contextual variables on differences across sites. Design The case-crossover method was used to obtain RR estimates of the effect of alcohol on non-fatal injuries. Meta-analysis was used to evaluate the consistency and magnitude of RR across sites, and the extent to which contextual variables explain differences in effect sizes. Participants Probability samples of 11 536 injured patients attending 28 EDs studies in 16 countries (1984-2002). The majority of the sample was male (65%) and > 30 years old (53%). Measurements Exposed cases where those that consumed alcohol 6 hours prior to the injury. Usual alcohol consumption served as the control period. Findings Drinking within 6 hours prior to the injury was reported by 21% of the sample. The estimated (random) pooled relative risk for patients who reported alcohol use within 6 hours prior to injury was 5.69 (95% confidence interval = 4.04-8.00), ranging from 1.05 in Canada to 35.00 in South Africa. Effect size was not homogeneous across studies, as societies with riskier consumption patterns had a higher relative risk for injury. Heavier drinkers also showed lower RR. Conclusions Acute alcohol was a risk factor for non-fatal injuries in most sites. Policy measures addressed to the general population are recommended, especially in societies with riskier consumption patterns.
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    Comorbidity within mental disorders: a comprehensive analysis based on 145 990 survey respondents from 27 countries
    (Cambridge University Press, 2020) McGrath, J. J.; Lim, C. C. W.; Plana-Ripoll, O.; Holtz, Y.; Agerbo, E.; Momen, N. C.; Mortensen, P. B.; Pedersen, C. B.; Abdulmalik, J.; Aguilar-Gaxiola, S.; Al-Hamzawi, A.; Alonso, J.; Bromet, E. J.; Bruffaerts, R.; Bunting, B.; Almedida, J. M. C. de; Girolamo, G. de; De Vries, Y. A.; Florescu, S.; Gureje, O.; Haro, J. M.; Harris, M. G.; Hu, C.; Karam, E. G.; Kawakami, N.; Kiejna, A.; Kovess-Masfety, V.; Lee, S.; Mneimneh, Z.; Navarro-Mateu, F.; Orozco, R.; Posada-Villa, J.; Roest, A. M.; Saha, S.; Scott, K. M.; Stagnaro, J. C.; Stein, D. J.; Torres, Y.; Viana, M. C.; Ziv, Y.; Kessler, R. C.; Jonge, P. de; National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; peter.de.jonge@rug.nl (Peter de Jonge)
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    Exposure to alcohol, drugs and tobacco and the risk of subsequent suicidality: Findings from the Mexican Adolescent Mental Health Survey
    (ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD, ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND, 2011) Miller, M.; Borges, G.; Orozco, R.; Mukamal, K.; Rimm, E.B.; Benjet, C.; Medina-Mora, M.E.; Inst Nacl Psiquiatria, Dept Invest Epidemiol, Direcc Invest Epidemiol & Psicosociales, Calzada Mexico Xochimilco 101, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico.; mmiller@hsph.harvard.edu
    Aims: To examine whether the association between prevalence measures of suicidality and substance abuse/dependence among adolescents (1) is attenuated when temporal priority of exposure and outcome are taken into account, (2) extends to substance use (i.e. without disorder), (3) applies to tobacco use and dependence independent of illicit drugs and alcohol use/disorder, and (4) is confounded by comorbid mental illness. Design: Discrete-time survival models were applied to retrospectively reported age of onset of first suicidal ideation, plan and attempt and age of onset of first substance use and disorder. Participants: 3005 adolescents aged 12-17 residing in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area in 2005. Measurements: The World Mental Health computer-assisted adolescent version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to assess suicidal outcomes and psychiatric disorders including substance dependence/abuse. Findings: Use of and dependence on tobacco is as strong a predictor of subsequent suicidality as is use of and dependence with abuse of alcohol and drugs. The association between substance use and subsequent suicidality is not fully accounted for by comorbid mental illness. Conclusion: Efforts to reduce the use as well as the abuse of alcohol, drugs and tobacco may help reduce the risk of subsequent suicidal behaviors among adolescents in Mexico. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Multicentre study of acute alcohol use and non-fatal injuries: data from the WHO collaborative study on alcohol and injuries
    (WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND, 2006) Borges, G.; Cherpitel, C.; Orozco, R.; Bond, J.; Ye, Y.; MacDonald, S.; Rehm, J.; Poznyak, V.; Inst Nacl Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente, Direcc Invest Epidemiol & Psicosociales, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico; guibor@imp.edu.mx
    Objectives To study the risk of non-fatal injury at low levels and moderate levels of alcohol consumption as well as the differences in risk across modes of injury and differences among alcoholics. Methods Data are from patients aged 18 years and older collected in 2001-02 by the WHO collaborative study on alcohol and injuries from 10 emergency departments around the world (n = 4320). We used a case-crossover method to compare the use of alcohol during the 6 hours prior to the injury with the use of alcohol during same day of the week in the previous week. Findings The risk of injury increased, with consumption of a single drink (odds ratio (OR) = 3.3; 95% confidence interval = 1.9-5.7), and there was a 10-fold increase for participants who had consumed six or more drinks duribng the previous six hours. Participants who had sustained intentional injuries were at a higher risk than participants who had sustained unintentional injuries. Patients who had no symptoms of alcohol dependence had a higher OR. Conclusion Since low levels of drinking were associated with an increased risk of sustaining a non-fatal injury, and patients who are not dependent on alcohol may be at higher risk of becoming injured, comprehensive strategies for reducing harm should be implemented for all drinkers seen in emergency departments.
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    Suicidality, ethnicity and immigration in the USA
    (CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA, 2012) Borges, G.; Orozco, R.; Rafful, C.; Miller, E.; Breslau, J.; Instituto Nacional Psiquiatria, Dept Invest Epidemiol, Direcc Invest Epidemiol & Psicosociales, Calzada Mexico Xochimilco 101, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico.; guibor@imp.edu.mx
    Background. Suicide is the 11th leading cause of death in the USA. Suicide rates vary across ethnic groups. Whether suicide behavior differs by ethnic groups in the USA in the same way as observed for suicide death is a matter of current discussion. The aim of this report was to compare the lifetime prevalence of suicide ideation and attempt among four main ethnic groups (Asians, Blacks, Hispanics, and Whites) in the USA. Method. Suicide ideation and attempts were assessed using the World Mental Health version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI). Discrete time survival analysis was used to examine risk for lifetime suicidality by ethnicity and immigration among 15 180 participants in the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiological Surveys (CPES), a group of cross-sectional surveys. Results. Suicide ideation was most common among Non-Hispanic Whites (16.10%), least common among Asians (9.02%) and intermediate among Hispanics (11.35%) and Non-Hispanic Blacks (11.82%). Suicide attempts were equally common among Non-Hispanic Whites (4.69%), Hispanics (5.11%) and Non-Hispanic Blacks (4.15%) and less common among Asians (2.55%). These differences in the crude prevalence rates of suicide ideation decreased but persisted after control for psychiatric disorders, but disappeared for suicide attempt. Within ethnic groups, risk for suicidality was low among immigrants prior to migration compared to the US born, but equalized over time after migration. Conclusions. Ethnic differences in suicidal behaviors are explained partly by differences in psychiatric disorders and low risk prior to arrival in the USA. These differences are likely to decrease as the US-born proportion of Hispanics and Asians increases.
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    Treatment of mental disorders for adolescents in Mexico City
    (WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND, 2008) Borges, G.; Benjet, C.; Medina-Mora, M.E.; Orozco, R.; Wang, P.S.; Inst Nacl Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente, Direcc Invest Epidemiol & Psicosociales, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico; guibor@imp.edu.mx
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    Twelve-month mental health service use in six countries of the Americas: a regional report from the World Mental Health Surveys
    (Cambridge University Press, 2019) Borges, G.; Aguilar-Gaxiola, S.; Andrade, L.; Benjet, C.; Kessler, R. C.; Orozco, R.; Sampson, N.; Stagnaro, J. C.; Torres, Y.; Viana, Maria Carmen; Medina-Mora, M. E.; WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators; Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, México; María Elena Medina-Mora, E-mail: metmmora@gmail.com