Browsing by Author "Neumark, Yehuda"

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    Alcohol abuse in developed and developing countries in the World Mental Health Surveys: Socially defined consequences or psychiatric disorder?
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2014) Glantz, Meyer D.; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Petukhova, Maria; Andrade, Laura Helena; Anthony, James C.; Girolamo, Giovanni de; Graaf, Ron de; Degenhardt, Louisa; Demyttenaere, Koen; Florescu, Silvia; Gureje, Oye; Haro, Josep Maria; Horiguchi, Itsuko; Karam, Elie G.; Kostyuchenko, Stanislav; Lee, Sing; Lépine, Jeaía-Pierre; Matschinger, Herbert; Neumark, Yehuda; Posada-Villa, Jose; Sagar, Rajesh; Stein, Dan J.; Tomov, Toma; Wells, J Elisabeth; Chatterji, Somnath; Kessler, Ronald C.; Division of Epidemiology, Services, and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
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    Alcohol abuse in developed and developing countries in the World Mental Health Surveys: socially defined consequences or psychiatric disorder?
    (2014) Glantz, Meyer D.; Medina‐Mora, Maria Elena; Petukhova, Maria; Andrade, Laura Helena; Anthony, James C.; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Degenhardt, Louisa; Demyttenaere, Koen; Florescu, Silvia; Gureje, Oye; FRCPsych; Haro, Josep Maria; Horiguchi, Itsuko; Karam, Elie G.; Kostyuchenko, Stanislav; Lee, Sing; Lépine, Jean‐Pierre; Matschinger, Herbert; Neumark, Yehuda; Posada‐Villa, Jose; Sagar, Rajesh; Stein, Dan J.; Tomov, Toma; Wells, J. Elisabeth; Chatterji, Somnath; Kessler, Ronald C.; Division of Epidemiology, Services, and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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    Evaluating the drug use "gateway" theory using cross-national data: Consistency and associations of the order of initiation of drug use among participants in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
    (ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD, ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND, 2010) Degenhardt, Louisa; Dierker, Lisa; Chiu, Wai Tat; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Neumark, Yehuda; Sampson, Nancy; Alonso, Jordi; Angermeyer, Matthias; Anthony, James C.; Bruffaerts, Ronny; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Gureje, Oye; Karam, Aimee N.; Kostyuchenko, Stanislav; Lee, Sing; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Levinson, Daphna; Nakamura, Yosikazu; Posada-Villa, José; Stein, Dan; Wells, J. Elisabeth; Kessler, Ronald C.; Univ New S Wales, Natl Drug & Alcohol Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; l.degenhardt@unsw.edu.au
    Background: It is unclear whether the normative sequence of drug use initiation, beginning with tobacco and alcohol, progressing to cannabis and then other illicit drugs, is due to causal effects of specific earlier drug use promoting progression, or to influences of other variables such as drug availability and attitudes. One way to investigate this is to see whether risk of later drug use in the sequence, conditional on use of drugs earlier in the sequence, changes according to time-space variation in use prevalence. We compared patterns and order of initiation of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and other illicit drug use across 17 countries with a wide range of drug use prevalence. Method: Analyses used data from World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys, a series of parallel community epidemiological surveys using the same instruments and field procedures carried out in 17 countries throughout the world. Results: Initiation of "gateway" substances (i.e. alcohol, tobacco and cannabis) was differentially associated with subsequent onset of other illicit drug use based on background prevalence of gateway substance use. Cross-country differences in substance use prevalence also corresponded to differences in the likelihood of individuals reporting a non-normative sequence of substance initiation. Conclusion: These results suggest the "gateway" pattern at least partially reflects unmeasured common causes rather than causal effects of specific drugs on subsequent use of others. This implies that successful efforts to prevent use of specific "gateway" drugs may not in themselves lead to major reductions in the use of later drugs. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Smoking estimates from around the world: data from the first 17 participating countries in the World Mental Health Survey Consortium
    (B M J Publishing Group, British Med Assoc House, Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9JR, England, 2010) Storr, Carla L.; Cheng, Hui; Alonso, Jordi; Angermeyer, Matthias; Bruffaerts, Ronny; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Gureje, Oye; Karam, Elie G.; Kostyuchenko, Stanislav; Lee, Sing; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Medina Mora, María Elena; Myer, Landon; Neumark, Yehuda; Posada-Villa, José; Watanabe, Makoto; Wells, J. Elisabeth; Kessler, Ronald C.; Anthony, James C.; Univ Maryland, Sch Nursing, Dept Family & Community Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA; cstor002@son.umaryland.edu
    Objective To contribute new multinational findings on basic descriptive features of smoking and cessation, based upon standardised community surveys of adults residing in seven low-income and middle-income countries and 10 higher-income countries from all regions of the world. Methods Data were collected using standardised interviews and community probability sample survey methods conducted as part of the WHO World Mental Health Surveys Initiative. Demographic and socioeconomic correlates of smoking are studied using cross-tabulation and logistic regression approaches. Within-country sample weights were applied with variance estimation appropriate for complex sample survey designs. Results Estimated prevalence of smoking experience (history of ever smoking) and current smoking varied across the countries under study. In all but four countries, one out of every four adults currently smoked. In higher-income countries, estimated proportions of former smokers (those who had quit) were roughly double the corresponding estimates for most low-income and middle-income countries. Characteristics of smokers varied within individual countries, and in relation to the World Bank's low-medium-high gradient of economic development. In stark contrast to a sturdy male-female difference in the uptake of smoking seen in each country, there is no consistent sex-associated pattern in the odds of remaining a smoker (versus quitting). Conclusion The World Mental Health Surveys estimates complement existing global tobacco monitoring efforts. The observed global diversity of associations with smoking and smoking cessation underscore reasons for implementation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control provisions and prompt local adaptation of prevention and control interventions.
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    Toward a global view of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and cocaine use: findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
    (2008) Degenhardt, Louisa; Chiu, Wai-Tat; Sampson, Nancy; Kessler, Ronald C.; Anthony, James C.; Angermeyer, Matthias; Bruffaerts, Ronny; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Gureje, Oye; Huang, Yueqin; Karam, Aimee; Kostyuchenko, Stanislav; Lepine, Jean Pierre; Medina Mora, María Elena; Neumark, Yehuda; Ormel, J. Hans; Pinto-Meza, Alejandra; Posada-Villa, José; Stein, Dan J.; Takeshima, Tadashi; Wells, J. Elisabeth; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.; l.degenhardt@unsw.edu.au