Browsing by Author "MacDonald, Scott"

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    Alcohol-related injury in the ER: a cross-national meta-analysis from the Emergency Room Collaborative Alcohol Analysis Project (ERCAAP)
    (New Brunswick, N.J. : Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 2003) Cherpitel, Cheryl J.; Bond, Jason; Ye, Yu; Borges, Guilherme; MacDonald, Scott; Stockwell, Tim; Giesbrecht, Norman; Cremonte, Mariana; Public Health Institute, Alcohol Research Group, 2000 Hearst Avenue, Berkeley, California 94709
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    Variations of alcohol impairment in different types, causes and contexts of injuries: Results of emergency room studies from 16 countries
    (PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND, 2006) MacDonald, Scott; Cherpitel, Cheryl J.; DeSouza, Amanda; Stockwell, Tim; Borges, Guilherme; Giesbrecht, Norman; Univ Victoria, Ctr Addict Res BC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada; scottmac@uvic.ca
    Objective: The purpose of this paper is to document alcohol impairment (based on a blood alcohol content (BAC) of at least 80 mg%) for different types, causes and location contexts of injuries. Design and setting: Data from 45 studies with 11,536 injury patients were merged to determine variations in the percent of alcohol impairment among injury patients. In each study, emergency room (ER) injury patients were given a short interview on the circumstances of their injury and BAC was measured. Results: Injury severity, measured by number of body regions injured was significantly associated with BACs over 80 mg%. The highest percentage of injury type to involve alcohol was head injury/concussion. In terms of causes of injuries, patients with alcohol impairment were significantly more likely to be involved in violence than any other cause (i.e., vehicle, failing, poisoning or burns). Finally, injuries occurring at a bar or restaurant were significantly more likely to involve alcohol impairment than any other setting. Conclusions: The results demonstrate considerable variation in the circumstances where alcohol is involved in injuries. These results may be useful for the development of prevention initiatives. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.