Browsing by Author "Levinson, Daphna"

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A comparison of DSM-5 and DSM-IV agoraphobia in the World Mental Health Surveys
(Wiley, 2019) Roest, Annelieke M.; Vries, Ymkje Anna de; Lim, Carmen C.W.; Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich; Stein, Dan J.; Adamowski, Tomasz; Al-Hamzawi, Ali; Bromet, Evelyn J.; Viana, Maria Carmen; Girolamo, Giovanni de; Demyttenaere, Koen; Florescu, Silvia; Gureje, Oye; Haro, Josep Maria; Hu, Chiyi; Karam, Elie G.; Caldas-de-Almeida, José Miguel; Kawakami, Norito; Lépine, Jean Pierre; Levinson, Daphna; Medina-Mora, María E.; Navarro-Mateu, Fernando; O’Neill, Siobhan; Piazza, Marina; Posada-Villa, José A.; Slade, Tim; Torres, Yolanda; Kessler, Ronald C.; Scott, Kate M.; Jonge, Peter de; WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators; Benjet, Corina; Borges, Guilherme; Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; a.m.roest@rug.nl
Age differences in the prevalence and comorbidity of DSM-IV major depressive episodes: Results from the WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative
(2010) Kessler, Ronald C.; Birnbaum, Howard; Shahly, Victoria; Bromet, Evelyn; Hwang, Irving; McLaughlin, Katie A.; Sampson, Nancy; Andrade, Laura Helena; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Demyttenaere, Koen; Haro, Josep Maria; Karam, Aimee N.; Kostyuchenko, Stanislav; Kovess, Viviane; Lara, Carmen; Levinson, Daphna; Matschinger, Herbert; Nakane, Yoshibumi; Oakley Browne, Mark; Ormel, Johan; Posada-Villa, Jose; Sagar, Rajesh; Stein, Dan J.; Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
Association between mental disorders and subsequent adult onset asthma
(2014) Alonso, Jordi; De Jonge, Peter; Lim, Carmen C. W.; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Caldas-de-Almeida, Jose Miguel; Liu, Zhaorui; O'Neill, Siobhan; Stein, Dan J.; Viana, Maria Carmen; Al-Hamzawi, Ali Obaid; Angermeyer, Matthias C.; Borges, Guilherme; Ciutan, Marius; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Fiestas, Fabian; Haro, Josep Maria; Hu, Chiyi; Kessler, Ronald C.; Lépine, Jean Pierre; Levinson, Daphna; Nakamura, Yosikazu; Posada-Villa, Jose; Wojtyniak, Bogdan J.; Scott, Kate M.; Health Services Research Unit, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; jalonso@imim.es
Association of cohort and individual substance use with risk of transitioning to drug use, drug use disorder, and remission from disorder findings from the World Mental Health Surveys
(American Medical Association, 2019) Degenhardt, Louisa; Bharat, Chrianna; Glantz, Meyer D.; Sampson, Nancy A.; Al-Hamzawi, Ali; Alonso, Jordi; Andrade, Laura H.; Bunting, Brendan; Cia, Alfredo; Girolamo, Giovanni de; Jonge, Peter De; Demyttenaere, Koen; Gureje, Oye; Haro, Josep Maria; Harris, Meredith G.; He, Yanling; Hinkov, Hristo; Karam, Aimee Nasser; Karam, Elie G.; Kiejna, Andrzej; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane; Lasebikan, Victor; Lee, Sing; Levinson, Daphna; Medina-Mora, Maria Elena; Mneimneh, Zeina; Navarro-Mateu, Fernando; Piazza, Marina; Posada-Villa, José; Scott, Kate; Stein, Dan J.; Tachimori, Hisateru; Tintle, Nathan; Torres, Yolanda; Kessler, Ronald C.; WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.; l.degenhardt@unsw.edu.au
Associations between DSM-IV mental disorders and diabetes mellitus: a role for impulse control disorders and depression
(2014) De Jonge, Peter; Alonso, Jordi; Stein, Dan J.; Kiejna, Andrzej; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Viana, Maria Carmen; Liu, Zhaorui; O’Neill, Siobhan; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Caldas-de-Almeida, Jose Miguel; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Matschinger, Herbert; Levinson, Daphna; Ge Girolamo, Giovanni; Fukao, Akira; Bunting, Brendan; Haro, Josep Maria; Posada-Villa, Jose A.; Al-Hamzawi, Ali Obaid; Medina-Mora, Maria Elena; Piazza, Marina; Hu, Chiyi; Sasu, Carmen; Lim, Carmen C. W.; Kessler, Ronald C.; Scott, Kate M.; Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO 9700 MB Groningen, The Netherlands; peter.de.jonge@umcg.nl
Associations between DSM-IV mental disorders and onset of self-reported peptic ulcer in the World Mental Health Surveys
(2013) Scott, Kate M.; Alonso, Jordi; De Jonge, Peter; Viana, Maria Carmen; Liu, Zhaorui; O’Neill, Siobhan; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Caldas-de-Almeida, Jose Miguel; Stein, Dan J.; Angermeyer, Matthias; Benjet, Corina; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Firuleasa, Ingrid-Laura; Kiejna, Andrzej; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane; Levinson, Daphna; Nakane, Yoshibumi; Piazza, Marina; Posada-Villa, José A.; Salih Khalaf, Mohammad; Lim, Carmen C. W.; Kessler, Ronald C.; Correspondence to: Kate M. Scott, PhD, Department of Psychological Medicine, Otago University, PO Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand (kate.scott@otago.ac.nz); 64 3 4747007 ext 7369 (voice); 64 3 4747934 (fax); kate.scott@otago.ac.nz
Associations between DSM-IV mental disorders and subsequent COPD diagnosis
(2015) Rapsey, Charlene M.; Lim, Carmen C. W.; Al-Hamzawi, Ali; Alonso, Jordi; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Caldas-de-Almeida, J. M.; Florescu, Silvia; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Hu, Chiyi; Kessler, Ronald C.; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane; Levinson, Daphna; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Murphy, Sam; Ono, Yutaka; Piazza, Maria; Posada-Villa, Jose; Have, Margreet ten; Wojtyniak, Bogdan; Scott, Kate M.; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; charlene.rapsey@otago.ac.nz
Associations between DSM-IV mental disorders and subsequent heart disease onset: beyond depression
(2013) Scott, Kate M.; De Jonge, Peter; Alonso, Jordi; Viana, Maria Carmen; Liu, Zhaorui; O’Neill, Siobhan; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Caldas-de-Almeida, Jose Miguel; Stein, Dan J.; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Florescu, Silvia E.; Hu, Chiyi; Ismet Taib, Nezar; Lépine, Jean-Pierre; Levinson, Daphna; Matschinger, Herbert; Medina-Mora, Maria Elena; Piazza, Marina; Posada-Villa, José A.; Uda, Hidenori; Wojtyniak, Bogdan J.; Lim, Carmen C. W.; Kessler, Ronald C.; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; kate.scott@otago.ac.nz
Associations between DSM-IV mental disorders and subsequent non-fatal, self-reported stroke
(2015) Swain, Nicola R.; Lim, Carmen C.W.; Levinson, Daphna; Fiestas, Fabian; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Moskalewicz, Jacek; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Posada-Villa, Jose; Haro, Josep Maria; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Xavier, Miguel; Iwata, Noboru; De Jonge, Peter; Bruffaerts, Ronny; O’Neill, Siobhan; Kessler, Ron C.; Scott, Kate M.; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; nicola.swain@otago.ac.nz
Associations between DSM-IV mental disorders and subsequent onset of arthritis
(2016) Aguilar Gaxiola, Sergio; Loera, Gustavo; Geraghty, Estella M.; Ton, Hendry; Lim, Carmen C.W.; De Jonge, Peter; Kessler, Ronald C.; Posada-Villa, José; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Hu, Chiyi; Fiestas, Fabian; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Kovess-Masféty, Viviane; Al-Hamzawi, Ali Obaid; Levinson, Daphna; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Nakane, Yoshibumi; Ten Have, Margreet; O'Neill, Siobhan; Wojtyniak, Bogdan; Caldas de Almeida, José Miguel; Florescu, Silvia; Haro, Josep Maria; Scott, Kate M.; University of California Davis, School of Medicine, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States; aguilargaxiola@ucdavis.edu
Associations between DSM-IV mental disorders and subsequent self-reported diagnosis of cancer
(2014) O'Neill, Siobhan; Posada-Villa, Jose; Medina-Mora, Maria Elena; Al-Hamzawi, Ali Obaid; Piazza, Marina; Tachimori, Hisateru; Hu, Chiyi; Lim, Carmen; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Lépine, Jean-Pierre; Matschinger, Herbert; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Jonge, Peter; Alonso, Jordi; Caldas-de-Almeida, Jose Miguel; Florescu, Silvia; Kiejna, Andrzej; Levinson, Daphna; Kessler, Ronald C.; Scott, Kate M.; Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Well-Being, University of Ulster, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; sm.oneill@ulster.ac.uk
Associations between Lifetime Traumatic Events and Subsequent Chronic Physical Conditions: A CrossNational, Cross-Sectional Study
(Public Library Science, 1160 Battery Street, STE 100, San Francisco, CA 94111 USA , 2013) Scott, Kate M.; Koenen, Karestan C.; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Alonso, Jordi; Angermeyer, Matthias C.; Benjet, Corina; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Caldas-de-Almeida, Jose Miguel; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Florescu, Silvia; Iwata, Noboru; Levinson, Daphna; Lim, Carmen C. W.; Murphy, Sam; Ormel, Johan; Posada-Villa, Jose; Kessler, Ronald C.; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; kate.scott@otago.ac.nz
Associations of serious mental illness with earnings: results from the WHO World Mental Health surveys
(ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS, BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON SW1X 8PG, ENGLAND, 2010) Levinson, Daphna; Lakoma, Matthew D.; Petukhova, María; Schoenbaum, Michael; Zaslavsky, Alan M.; Angermeyer, Matthias; Borges, Guilherme; Bruffaerts, Ronny; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Gureje, Oye; Maria Haro, Josep; Hu, Chiyi; Karam, Aimee N.; Kawakami, Norito; Lee, Sing; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Browne, Mark Oakley; Okoliyski, Michail; Posada-Villa, José; Sagar, Rajesh; Viana, María Carmen; Williams, David R.; Kessler, Ronald C.; Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
Background: Burden-of-illness data, which are often used in setting healthcare policy-spending priorities, are unavailable for mental disorders in most countries. Aims: To examine one central aspect of illness burden, the association of serious mental illness with earnings, in the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys. Method: The WMH Surveys were carried out in 10 high-income and 9 low- and middle-income countries. The associations of personal earnings with serious mental illness were estimated. Results: Respondents with serious mental illness earned on average a third less than median earnings, with no significant between-country differences (chi(2)(9)=5.5-8.1, P=0.5-0.79). These losses are equivalent to 0.3-0.8% of total national earnings. Reduced earnings among those with earnings and the increased probability of not earning are both important components of these associations: Conclusions: These results add to a growing body of evidence that mental disorders have high societal costs. Decisions about healthcare resource allocation should take these costs into consideration.
Associations of serious mental illness with earnings: results from the WHO World Mental Health surveys
(ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS, BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON SW1X 8PG, ENGLAND, 2010) Levinson, Daphna; Lakoma, Matthew D.; Petukhova, María; Schoenbaum, Michael; Zaslavsky, Alan M.; Angermeyer, Matthias; Borges, Guilherme; Bruffaerts, Ronny; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Gureje, Oye; Maria Haro, Josep; Hu, Chiyi; Karam, Aimee N.; Kawakami, Norito; Lee, Sing; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Browne, Mark Oakley; Okoliyski, Michail; Posada-Villa, José; Sagar, Rajesh; Viana, María Carmen; Williams, David R.; Kessler, Ronald C.; Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, 180 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
Childhood adversities as risk factors for onset and persistence of suicidal behaviour
(2010) Bruffaerts, Ronny; Demyttenaere, Koen; Borges, Guilherme; Haro, Josep Maria; Chiu, Wai Tat; Hwang, Irving; Karam, Elie G.; Kessler, Ronald C.; Sampson, Nancy; Alonso, Jordi; Andrade, Laura Helena; Angermeyer, Matthias; Benjet, Corina; Bromet, Evelyn; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Florescu, Silvia; Gureje, Oye; Horiguchi, Itsuko; Hu, Chiyi; Kovess, Viviane; Levinson, Daphna; Posada-Villa, Jose; Sagar, Rajesh; Scott, Kate; Tsang, Adley; Vassilev, Svetlozar M.; Williams, David R.; Nock, Matthew K.; permissions@rcpsych.ac.uk
Childhood adversities as risk factors for onset and persistence of suicidal behaviour
(ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS, BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON SW1X 8PG, ENGLAND, 2010) Bruffaerts, Ronny; Demyttenaere, Koen; Borges, Guilherme; Maria Haro, Josep; Chiu, Wai Tat; Hwang, Irving; Karam, Elie G.; Kessler, Ronald C.; Sampson, Nancy; Alonso, Jordi; Andrade, Laura Helena; Angermeyer, Matthias; Benjet, Corina; Bromet, Evelyn; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Florescu, Silvia; Gureje, Oye; Horiguchi, Itsuko; Hu, Chiyi; Kovess, Viviane; Levinson, Daphna; Posada-Villa, José; Sagar, Rajesh; Scott, Kate; Tsang, Adley; Vassilev, Svetlozar M.; Williams, David R.; Nock, Matthew K.; Univ Hosp Gasthuisberg, Dept Psychiat, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium; ronny.bruffaerts@med.kuleuven.be
Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, but the precise effect of childhood adversities as risk factors for the onset and persistence of suicidal behaviour (suicide ideation, plans and attempts) are not well understood. Aims: To examine the associations between childhood adversities as risk factors for the onset and persistence of suicidal behaviour across 21 countries worldwide. Method: Respondents from nationally representative samples (n = 55 299) were interviewed regarding childhood adversities that occurred before the age of 18 years and lifetime suicidal behaviour. Results: Childhood adversities were associated with an increased risk of suicide attempt and ideation in both bivariate and multivariate models (odds ratio range 1.2-5.7). The risk increased with the number of adversities experienced, but at a decreasing rate. Sexual and physical abuse were consistently the strongest risk factors for both the onset and persistence of suicidal behaviour, especially during adolescence. Associations remained similar after additional adjustment for respondents' lifetime mental disorder status. Conclusions: Childhood adversities (especially intrusive or aggressive adversities) are powerful predictors of the onset and persistence of suicidal behaviours.
Chronic Physical Conditions and Their Association With First Onset of Suicidal Behavior in the World Mental Health Surveys
(LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA, 2010) Scott, Kate M.; Hwang, Irving; Chiu, Wai-Tat; Kessler, Ronald C.; Sampson, Nancy A.; Angermeyer, Matthias; Beautrais, Annette; Borges, Guilherme; Bruffaerts, Ronny; De Graaf, Ron; Florescu, Silvia; Fukao, Akira; Haro, Josep Maria; Hu, Chiyi; Kovess, Viviane; Levinson, Daphna; Posada-Villa, José; Scocco, Paolo; Nock, Matthew K.; Univ Otago, Dept Psychol Med, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Wellington, New Zealand; kate.scott@otago.ac.nz
Objective: To investigate the association of a range of temporally prior physical conditions with the subsequent first onset of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts in large, general population, cross-national sample. The associations between physical conditions and suicidal behavior remain unclear due to sparse data and varied methodology. Methods: Predictive associations between 13 temporally prior physical conditions and first onset of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts were examined in a 14-country sample (n = 37,915) after controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, and psychosocial covariates, with and without adjustment for mental disorders. Results: Most physical conditions were associated with suicidal ideation in the total sample; high blood pressure, heart attack/stroke, arthritis, chronic headache, other chronic pain, and respiratory conditions were associated with attempts in the total sample; epilepsy, cancer, and heart attack/stroke were associated with planned attempts. Epilepsy was the physical condition most strongly associated with the suicidal outcomes. Physical conditions were especially predictive of suicidality if they occurred early in life. As the number of physical conditions increased, the risk of suicidal outcomes also increased, however the added risk conferred was generally smaller with each additional condition. Adjustment for mental disorders made little substantive difference to these results. Physical conditions were equally predictive of suicidality in higher and lower income countries. Conclusions: The presence of physical conditions is a risk factor for suicidal behavior even in the absence of mental disorder.
Common chronic pain conditions in developed and developing countries: Gender and age differences and comorbidity with depression-anxiety disorders.
(CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE, JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND, 2008) Tsang, Adley; Von Korff, Michael; Lee, Sing; Alonso, Jordi; Karam, Elie; Angermeyer, Matthias C.; Borges, Guilherme Luiz Guimaraes; Bromet, Evelyn J.; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Gureje, Oye; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Haro, Josep Maria; Levinson, Daphna; Oakley Browne, Mark A.; Posada-Villa, José; Seedat, Soraya; Watanabe, Makoto; Hong Kong Mood Disorders Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, Hong Kong, PRC.; guibor@imp.edu.mx
Although there is a growing body of research concerning the prevalence and correlates of chronic pain conditions and their association with mental disorders, cross-national research on age and gender differences is limited. The present study reports the prevalence by age and gender of common chronic pain conditions (headache, back or neck pain, arthritis or joint pain, and other chronic pain) in 10 developed and 7 developing countries and their association with the spectrum of both depressive and anxiety disorders. It draws on data from 18 general adult population surveys using a common survey questionnaire (N _ 42,249). Results show that age-standardized prevalence of chronic pain conditions in the previous 12 months was 37.3% in developed countries and 41.1% in developing countries, with back pain and headache being somewhat more common in developing than developed countries. After controlling for comorbid chronic physical diseases, several findings were consistent across developing and developed countries. There was a higher prevalence of chronic pain conditions among females and older persons; and chronic pain was similarly associated with depression-anxiety spectrum disorders in developed and developing countries. However, the large majority of persons reporting chronic pain did not meet criteria for depression or anxiety disorder. We conclude that common pain conditions affect a large percentage of persons in both developed and developing countries.
Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
(PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA, 2009) Nock, Matthew K.; Hwang, Irving; Sampson, Nancy; Kessler, Ronald C.; Angermeyer, Matthias; Beautrais, Annette; Borges, Guilherme; Bromet, Evelyn; Bruffaerts, Ronny; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Florescu, Silvia; Gureje, Oye; Haro, Josep Maria; Hu, Chiyi; Huang, Yueqin; Karam, Elie G.; Kawakami, Norito; Kovess, Viviane; Levinson, Daphna; Posada-Villa, José; Sagar, Rajesh; Tomov, Toma; Viana, María Carmen; Williams, David R.; Harvard Univ, Dept Psychol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; nock@wjh.harvard.edu
Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide. Mental disorders are among the strongest predictors of suicide; however, little is known about which disorders are uniquely predictive of suicidal behavior, the extent to which disorders predict suicide attempts beyond their association with suicidal thoughts, and whether these associations are similar across developed and developing countries. This study was designed to test each of these questions with a focus on nonfatal suicide attempts. Methods and Findings: Data on the lifetime presence and age-of-onset of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV) mental disorders and nonfatal suicidal behaviors were collected via structured face-to-face interviews with 108,664 respondents from 21 countries participating in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. The results show that each lifetime disorder examined significantly predicts the subsequent first onset of suicide attempt (odds ratios [ORs] = 2.9-8.9). After controlling for comorbidity, these associations decreased substantially (ORs = 1.5-5.6) but remained significant in most cases. Overall, mental disorders were equally predictive in developed and developing countries, with a key difference being that the strongest predictors of suicide attempts in developed countries were mood disorders, whereas in developing countries impulse-control, substance use, and post-traumatic stress disorders were most predictive. Disaggregation of the associations between mental disorders and nonfatal suicide attempts showed that these associations are largely due to disorders predicting the onset of suicidal thoughts rather than predicting progression from thoughts to attempts. In the few instances where mental disorders predicted the transition from suicidal thoughts to attempts, the significant disorders are characterized by anxiety and poor impulse-control. The limitations of this study include the use of retrospective self-reports of lifetime occurrence and age-of-onset of mental disorders and suicidal behaviors, as well as the narrow focus on mental disorders as predictors of nonfatal suicidal behaviors, each of which must be addressed in future studies. Conclusions: This study found that a wide range of mental disorders increased the odds of experiencing suicide ideation. However, after controlling for psychiatric comorbidity, only disorders characterized by anxiety and poor impulse-control predict which people with suicide ideation act on such thoughts. These findings provide a more fine-grained understanding of the associations between mental disorders and subsequent suicidal behavior than previously available and indicate that mental disorders predict suicidal behaviors similarly in both developed and developing countries. Future research is needed to delineate the mechanisms through which people come to think about suicide and subsequently progress from ideation to attempts.
Cross-National Analysis of the Associations between Traumatic Events and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
(PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA, 2010) Stein, Dan J.; Chiu, Wai Tat; Hwang, Irving; Kessler, Ronald C.; Sampson, Nancy; Alonso, Jordi; Borges, Guilherme; Bromet, Evelyn; Bruffaerts, Ronny; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Florescu, Silvia; Gureje, Oye; He, Yanling; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane; Levinson, Daphna; Matschinger, Herbert; Mneimneh, Zeina; Nakamura, Yosikazu; Ormel, Johan; Posada-Villa, José; Sagar, Rajesh; Scott, Kate M.; Tomov, Toma; Viana, María Carmen; Williams, David R.; Nock, Matthew K.; Groote Schuur Hosp, Dept Psychiat, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa; Kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
Background: Community and clinical data have suggested there is an association between trauma exposure and suicidal behavior (i.e., suicide ideation, plans and attempts). However, few studies have assessed which traumas are uniquely predictive of: the first onset of suicidal behavior, the progression from suicide ideation to plans and attempts, or the persistence of each form of suicidal behavior over time. Moreover, few data are available on such associations in developing countries. The current study addresses each of these issues. Methodology/Principal Findings: Data on trauma exposure and subsequent first onset of suicidal behavior were collected via structured interviews conducted in the households of 102,245 (age 18+) respondents from 21 countries participating in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Bivariate and multivariate survival models tested the relationship between the type and number of traumatic events and subsequent suicidal behavior. A range of traumatic events are associated with suicidal behavior, with sexual and interpersonal violence consistently showing the strongest effects. There is a dose-response relationship between the number of traumatic events and suicide ideation/attempt; however, there is decay in the strength of the association with more events. Although a range of traumatic events are associated with the onset of suicide ideation, fewer events predict which people with suicide ideation progress to suicide plan and attempt, or the persistence of suicidal behavior over time. Associations generally are consistent across high-, middle-, and low-income countries. Conclusions/Significance: This study provides more detailed information than previously available on the relationship between traumatic events and suicidal behavior and indicates that this association is fairly consistent across developed and developing countries. These data reinforce the importance of psychological trauma as a major public health problem, and highlight the significance of screening for the presence and accumulation of traumatic exposures as a risk factor for suicide ideation and attempt.