Browsing by Author "Lepine, Jean-Pierre"

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Association of Childhood Adversities and Early-Onset Mental Disorders With Adult-Onset Chronic Physical Conditions
(AMER MEDICAL ASSOC, 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA, 2011) Scott, Kate M.; Von Korff, Michael; Angermeyer, Matthias C.; Benjet, Corina; Bruffaerts, Ronny; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Maria Haro, Josep; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Ormel, Johan; Posada-Villa, José; Tachimori, Hisateru; Kessler, Ronald C.; Univ Otago, Dunedin Sch Med, Dept Psychol Med, Dunedin, New Zealand; kate.scott@otago.ac.nz
Context: The physical health consequences of childhood psychosocial adversities may be as substantial as the mental health consequences, but whether this is the case remains unclear because much prior research has involved unrepresentative samples and a selective focus on particular adversities or physical outcomes. The association between early-onset mental disorders and subsequent poor physical health in adulthood has not been investigated. Objective: To investigate whether childhood adversities and early-onset mental disorders are independently associated with increased risk of a range of adult-onset chronic physical conditions in culturally diverse samples spanning the full adult age range. Design: Cross-sectional community surveys of adults in 10 countries. Setting: General population. Participants: Adults (ie, aged >= 18 years; N=18 303), with diagnostic assessment and determination of age at onset of DSM-IV mental disorders, assessment of childhood familial adversities, and age of diagnosis or onset of chronic physical conditions. Main Outcome Measures: Risk (ie, hazard ratios) of adult-onset (ie, at age > 20 years) heart disease, asthma, diabetes mellitus, arthritis, chronic spinal pain, and chronic headache as a function of specific childhood adversities and early-onset (ie, at age < 21 years) DSM-IV depressive and anxiety disorders, with mutual adjustment. Results: A history of 3 or more childhood adversities was independently associated with onset of all 6 physical conditions (hazard ratios, 1.44 to 2.19). Controlling for current mental disorder made little difference to these associations. Early-onset mental disorders were independently associated with onset of 5 physical conditions (hazard ratios, 1.43 to 1.66). Conclusions: These results are consistent with the hypothesis that childhood adversities and early-onset mental disorders have independent, broad-spectrum effects that increase the risk of diverse chronic physical conditions in later life. They require confirmation in a prospectively designed study. The long course of these associations has theoretical and research implications.
Associations between DSM-IV mental disorders and diabetes mellitus: a role for impulse control disorders and depression
(2014) De Jonge, Peter; Alonso, Jordi; Stein, Dan J.; Kiejna, Andrzej; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Viana, Maria Carmen; Liu, Zhaorui; O’Neill, Siobhan; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Caldas-de-Almeida, Jose Miguel; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Matschinger, Herbert; Levinson, Daphna; Ge Girolamo, Giovanni; Fukao, Akira; Bunting, Brendan; Haro, Josep Maria; Posada-Villa, Jose A.; Al-Hamzawi, Ali Obaid; Medina-Mora, Maria Elena; Piazza, Marina; Hu, Chiyi; Sasu, Carmen; Lim, Carmen C. W.; Kessler, Ronald C.; Scott, Kate M.; Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO 9700 MB Groningen, The Netherlands; peter.de.jonge@umcg.nl
Associations between DSM-IV mental disorders and subsequent non-fatal, self-reported stroke
(2015) Swain, Nicola R.; Lim, Carmen C.W.; Levinson, Daphna; Fiestas, Fabian; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Moskalewicz, Jacek; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Posada-Villa, Jose; Haro, Josep Maria; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Xavier, Miguel; Iwata, Noboru; De Jonge, Peter; Bruffaerts, Ronny; O’Neill, Siobhan; Kessler, Ron C.; Scott, Kate M.; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; nicola.swain@otago.ac.nz
Associations of serious mental illness with earnings: results from the WHO World Mental Health surveys
(ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS, BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON SW1X 8PG, ENGLAND, 2010) Levinson, Daphna; Lakoma, Matthew D.; Petukhova, María; Schoenbaum, Michael; Zaslavsky, Alan M.; Angermeyer, Matthias; Borges, Guilherme; Bruffaerts, Ronny; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Gureje, Oye; Maria Haro, Josep; Hu, Chiyi; Karam, Aimee N.; Kawakami, Norito; Lee, Sing; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Browne, Mark Oakley; Okoliyski, Michail; Posada-Villa, José; Sagar, Rajesh; Viana, María Carmen; Williams, David R.; Kessler, Ronald C.; Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
Background: Burden-of-illness data, which are often used in setting healthcare policy-spending priorities, are unavailable for mental disorders in most countries. Aims: To examine one central aspect of illness burden, the association of serious mental illness with earnings, in the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys. Method: The WMH Surveys were carried out in 10 high-income and 9 low- and middle-income countries. The associations of personal earnings with serious mental illness were estimated. Results: Respondents with serious mental illness earned on average a third less than median earnings, with no significant between-country differences (chi(2)(9)=5.5-8.1, P=0.5-0.79). These losses are equivalent to 0.3-0.8% of total national earnings. Reduced earnings among those with earnings and the increased probability of not earning are both important components of these associations: Conclusions: These results add to a growing body of evidence that mental disorders have high societal costs. Decisions about healthcare resource allocation should take these costs into consideration.
Associations of serious mental illness with earnings: results from the WHO World Mental Health surveys
(ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS, BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON SW1X 8PG, ENGLAND, 2010) Levinson, Daphna; Lakoma, Matthew D.; Petukhova, María; Schoenbaum, Michael; Zaslavsky, Alan M.; Angermeyer, Matthias; Borges, Guilherme; Bruffaerts, Ronny; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Gureje, Oye; Maria Haro, Josep; Hu, Chiyi; Karam, Aimee N.; Kawakami, Norito; Lee, Sing; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Browne, Mark Oakley; Okoliyski, Michail; Posada-Villa, José; Sagar, Rajesh; Viana, María Carmen; Williams, David R.; Kessler, Ronald C.; Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, 180 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
(Royal College of Psychiatrists, British Journal of Psychiatry 17 Belgrave Square, London SW1X 8PG, England, 2010) Kessler, Ronald C.; McLaughlin, Katie A.; Green, Jennifer Greif; Gruber, Michael J.; Sampson, Nancy A.; Zaslavsky, Alan M.; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Alhamzawi, Ali Obaid; Alonso, Jordi; Angermeyer, Matthias; Benjet, Corina; Bromet, Evelyn; Chatterji, Somnath; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Demyttenaere, Koen; Fayyad, John; Florescu, Silvia; Gal, Gilad; Gureje, Oye; Maria Haro, Josep; Hu, Chi-yi; Karam, Elie G.; Kawakami, Norito; Lee, Sing; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Ormel, Johan; Posada-Villa, José; Sagar, Rajesh; Tsang, Adley; Uestuen, T. Bedirhan; Vassilev, Svetlozar; Viana, María Carmen; Williams, David R.; Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
Background: Although significant associations of childhood adversities with adult mental disorders are widely documented, most studies focus on single childhood adversities predicting single disorders. Aims: To examine joint associations of 12 childhood adversities with first onset of 20 DSM-IV disorders in World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys in 21 countries. Method: Nationally or regionally representative surveys of 51 945 adults assessed childhood adversities and lifetime DSM-IV disorders with the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Results: Childhood adversities were highly prevalent and interrelated. Childhood adversities associated with maladaptive family functioning (e.g. parental mental illness, child abuse, neglect) were the strongest predictors of disorders. Co-occurring childhood adversities associated with maladaptive family functioning had significant subadditive predictive associations and little specificity across disorders. Childhood adversities account for 29.8% of all disorders across countries. Conclusions: Childhood adversities have strong associations with all classes of disorders at all life-course stages in all groups of WMH countries. Long-term associations imply the existence of as-yet undetermined mediators.
Childhood Predictors of Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Results from the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative
(Cambridge Univ. Press, 32 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10013-2473 USA, 2009) Lara, Carmen; Fayyad, John; De Graaf, Ron; Kessler, Ronald C.; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Angermeyer, Matthias; Demytteneare, Koen; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Haro, Josep Maria; Jin, Robert; Karam, Elie G.; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Medina Mora, María Elena; Ormel, Johan; Posada-Villa, José; Sampson, Nancy; Inst Nacl Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente, Direcc Invest Epidemiol & Psicosociales, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico; laracan@imp.edu.mx
Background: Although it is known that childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often persists into adulthood, childhood predictors of this persistence have not been widely studied. Methods: Childhood history of ADHD and adult ADHD were assessed in 10 countries in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. Logistic regression analysis was used to study associations of retrospectively reported childhood risk factors with adult persistence among the 629 adult respondents with childhood ADHD. Risk factors included age; sex; childhood ADHD symptom profiles, severity, and treatment; comorbid child/adolescent DSM-IV disorders; childhood family adversities; and child/adolescent exposure to traumatic events. Results: An average of 50% of children with ADHD (range: 32.8%-84.1% across countries) continued to meet DSM-IV criteria for ADHD as adults. Persistence was strongly related to childhood ADHD symptom profile (highest persistence associated with the attentional plus impulsive-hyperactive type, odds ratio [OR] = 12.4, compared with the lowest associated with the impulsive-hyperactive type), symptom severity (OR = 2.0), comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD; OR = 2.2), high comorbidity (>= 3 child/adolescent disorders in addition to ADHD; OR = 1.7), paternal (but not maternal) anxiety mood disorder (OR = 2.4), and parental antisocial personality disorder (OR = 2.2). A multivariate risk profile of these variables significantly predicts persistence of ADHD into adulthood (area under the receiving operator characteristic curve = .76). Conclusions: A substantial proportion of children with ADHD continue to meet full criteria for ADHD as adults. A multivariate risk index comprising variables that can be assessed in adolescence predicts persistence with good accuracy.
Common chronic pain conditions in developed and developing countries: Gender and age differences and comorbidity with depression-anxiety disorders.
(CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE, JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND, 2008) Tsang, Adley; Von Korff, Michael; Lee, Sing; Alonso, Jordi; Karam, Elie; Angermeyer, Matthias C.; Borges, Guilherme Luiz Guimaraes; Bromet, Evelyn J.; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Gureje, Oye; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Haro, Josep Maria; Levinson, Daphna; Oakley Browne, Mark A.; Posada-Villa, José; Seedat, Soraya; Watanabe, Makoto; Hong Kong Mood Disorders Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, Hong Kong, PRC.; guibor@imp.edu.mx
Although there is a growing body of research concerning the prevalence and correlates of chronic pain conditions and their association with mental disorders, cross-national research on age and gender differences is limited. The present study reports the prevalence by age and gender of common chronic pain conditions (headache, back or neck pain, arthritis or joint pain, and other chronic pain) in 10 developed and 7 developing countries and their association with the spectrum of both depressive and anxiety disorders. It draws on data from 18 general adult population surveys using a common survey questionnaire (N _ 42,249). Results show that age-standardized prevalence of chronic pain conditions in the previous 12 months was 37.3% in developed countries and 41.1% in developing countries, with back pain and headache being somewhat more common in developing than developed countries. After controlling for comorbid chronic physical diseases, several findings were consistent across developing and developed countries. There was a higher prevalence of chronic pain conditions among females and older persons; and chronic pain was similarly associated with depression-anxiety spectrum disorders in developed and developing countries. However, the large majority of persons reporting chronic pain did not meet criteria for depression or anxiety disorder. We conclude that common pain conditions affect a large percentage of persons in both developed and developing countries.
Cross-National Comparisons of Sex Differences in Opportunities to Use Alcohol or Drugs, and the Transitions to Use
(INFORMA HEALTHCARE, TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND, 2011) Wells, J. Elisabeth; Maria Haro, Josep; Karam, Eli; Lee, Sing; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Medina-Mora, Ma. Elena; Nakane, Hideyuki; Posada, José; Anthony, James C.; Cheng, Hui; Degenhardt, Louisa; Angermeyer, Matthias; Bruffaerts, Ronny; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Glantz, Meyer; Gureje, Oye; Univ Otago, Dept Publ Hlth & Gen Practice, Christchurch Mail Ctr, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; elisabeth.wells@otago.ac.nz
Sex differences in opportunities to use alcohol or drugs, and transition to use, were investigated in 15 surveys, in 2001--2004 (Europe 6; Americas 3; Africa 2, Asia 3; Oceania 1). The paper focuses on 18--29 year olds (N == 9,873). The World Mental Health Survey Initiative oversaw the surveys; each country obtained its own funding. A complex picture emerged with different results for alcohol and for drugs and for opportunity to use and the transition to use. Sex differences in opportunity to use alcohol were small except in Lebanon and Nigeria, whereas for drugs, the largest differences were in Mexico and Colombia
Cross-national epidemiology of DSM-IV major depressive episode
(BIOMED CENTRAL LTD, 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND, 2011) Bromet, Evelyn; Andrade, Laura Helena; Hwang, Irving; Sampson, Nancy A.; Alonso, Jordi; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Demyttenaere, Koen; Hu, Chiyi; Iwata, Noboru; Karam, Aimee N.; Kaur, Jagdish; Kostyuchenko, Stanislav; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Levinson, Daphna; Matschinger, Herbert; Medina Mora, María Elena; Browne, Mark Oakley; Posada-Villa, José; Viana, María Carmen; Williams, David R.; Kessler, Ronald C.; SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychiat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA; ebromet@notes.cc.sunysb.edu
Background: Major depression is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, yet epidemiologic data are not available for many countries, particularly low- to middle-income countries. In this paper, we present data on the prevalence, impairment and demographic correlates of depression from 18 high and low-to middle-income countries in the World Mental Health Survey Initiative. Methods: Major depressive episodes (MDE) as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DMS-IV) were evaluated in face-to-face interviews using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Data from 18 countries were analyzed in this report (n = 89,037). All countries surveyed representative, population-based samples of adults. Results: The average lifetime and 12-month prevalence estimates of DSM-IV MDE were 14.6% and 5.5% in the ten high-income and 11.1% and 5.9% in the eight low- to middle-income countries. The average age of onset ascertained retrospectively was 25.7 in the high-income and 24.0 in low- to middle-income countries. Functional impairment was associated with recency of MDE. The female: male ratio was about 2: 1. In high-income countries, younger age was associated with higher 12-month prevalence; by contrast, in several low-to middle-income countries, older age was associated with greater likelihood of MDE. The strongest demographic correlate in high-income countries was being separated from a partner, and in low- to middle-income countries, was being divorced or widowed. Conclusions: MDE is a significant public-health concern across all regions of the world and is strongly linked to social conditions. Future research is needed to investigate the combination of demographic risk factors that are most strongly associated with MDE in the specific countries included in the WMH.
Determinants of effective treatment coverage for posttraumatic stress disorder: findings from the World Mental Health Surveys
(BioMed Central, 2023) Stein, Dan J.; Kazdin, Alan E.; Munthali, Richard J.; Hwang, Irving; Harris, Meredith G.; Alonso, Jordi; Andrade, Laura Helena; Brufaerts, Ronny; Cardoso, Graça; Chardoul, Stephanie; Girolamo, Giovanni de; Florescu, Silvia; Gureje, Oye; Haro, Josep Maria; Karam, Aimee N.; Karam, Elie G.; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane; Lee, Sing; Medina-Mora, Maria Elena; Navarro-Mateu, Fernando; Posada-Villa, José; Stagnaro, Juan Carlos; Have, Margreet ten; Sampson, Nancy A.; Kessler, Ronald C.; Vigo, Daniel V.; WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Al-Hamzawi, Ali; Alonso, Jordi; Altwaijri, Yasmin A.; Andrade, Laura Helena; Atwoli, Lukoye; Benjet, Corina; Borges, Guilherme; Bromet, Evelyn J.; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Bunting, Brendan; Caldas-de-Almeida, Jose Miguel; Cardoso, Graça; Chardoul, Stephanie; Chatterji, Somnath; Cia, Alfredo H.; Degenhardt, Louisa; Demyttenaere, Koen; Florescu, Silvia; Girolamo, Giovanni; Gureje, Oye; Haro, Josep Maria; Harris, Meredith G.; Hinkov, Hristo; Hu, Chi-Yi; Jonge, Peter de; Karam, Aimee Nasser; Karam, Elie G.; Karam, Georges; Kawakami, Norito; Kessler, Ronald C.; Kiejna, Andrzej; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane; Lee, Sing; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; McGrath, John J.; Moskalewicz, Jacek; Navarro-Mateu, Fernando; Piazza, Marina; Posada-Villa, Jose; Scott, Kate M.; Slade, Tim; Stagnaro, Juan Carlos; Stein, Dan J.; Have, Margreet ten; Torres, Yolanda; Viana, Maria Carmen; Vigo, Daniel V.; Whiteford, Harvey; Williams, David R.; Wojtyniak, Bogdan; Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health and South African Medical Council Research Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; dan.stein@uct.ac.za (Dan J. Stein)
Development of lifetime comorbidity in the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys
(2011) Kessler, Ronald C.; Ormel, Johan; Petukhova, Maria; McLaughlin, Katie A.; Greif Green, Jennifer; Russo, Leo J.; Stein, Dan J.; Zaslavsky, Alan M; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Alonso, Jordi; Andrade, Laura; Benjet, Corina; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Demyttenaere, Koen; Fayyad, John; Haro, Josep Maria; Hu, Chi yi; Karam, Aimee; Lee, Sing; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Matchsinger, Herbert; Mihaescu-Pintia, Constanta; Posada-Villa, Jose; Sagar, Rajesh; Üstün, Bedirhan; Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
Development of Lifetime Comorbidity in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys
(AMER MEDICAL ASSOC, 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA, 2011) Kessler, Ronald C.; Ormel, Johan; Petukhova, María; McLaughlin, Katie A.; Green, Jennifer Greif; Russo, Leo J.; Stein, Dan J.; Zaslavsky, Alan M.; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Alonso, Jordi; Andrade, Laura; Benjet, Corina; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Demyttenaere, Koen; Fayyad, John; Haro, Josep Maria; Hu, Chi Yi; Karam, Aimee; Lee, Sing; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Matchsinger, Herbert; Mihaescu-Pintia, Constanta; Posada-Villa, José; Sagar, Rajesh; Uestuen, T. Bedirhan; Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
Context: Although numerous studies have examined the role of latent variables in the structure of comorbidity among mental disorders, none has examined their role in the development of comorbidity. Objective: To study the role of latent variables in the development of comorbidity among 18 lifetime DSM-IV disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. Design: Nationally or regionally representative community surveys. Setting: Fourteen countries. Participants: A total of 21 229 survey respondents. Main Outcome Measures: First onset of 18 lifetime DSM-IV anxiety, mood, behavior, and substance disorders assessed retrospectively in the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Results: Separate internalizing (anxiety and mood disorders) and externalizing (behavior and substance disorders) factors were found in exploratory factor analysis of lifetime disorders. Consistently significant positive time-lagged associations were found in survival analyses for virtually all temporally primary lifetime disorders predicting subsequent onset of other disorders. Within-domain (ie, internalizing or externalizing) associations were generally stronger than between-domain associations. Most time-lagged associations were explained by a model that assumed the existence of mediating latent internalizing and externalizing variables. Specific phobia and obsessive-compulsive disorder (internalizing) and hyperactivity and oppositional defiant disorders (externalizing) were the most important predictors. A small number of residual associations remained significant after controlling the latent variables. Conclusions: The good fit of the latent variable model suggests that common causal pathways account for most of the comorbidity among the disorders considered herein. These common pathways should be the focus of future research on the development of comorbidity, although several important pairwise associations that cannot be accounted for by latent variables also exist that warrant further focused study.
Evaluating the drug use "gateway" theory using cross-national data: Consistency and associations of the order of initiation of drug use among participants in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
(ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD, ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND, 2010) Degenhardt, Louisa; Dierker, Lisa; Chiu, Wai Tat; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Neumark, Yehuda; Sampson, Nancy; Alonso, Jordi; Angermeyer, Matthias; Anthony, James C.; Bruffaerts, Ronny; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Gureje, Oye; Karam, Aimee N.; Kostyuchenko, Stanislav; Lee, Sing; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Levinson, Daphna; Nakamura, Yosikazu; Posada-Villa, José; Stein, Dan; Wells, J. Elisabeth; Kessler, Ronald C.; Univ New S Wales, Natl Drug & Alcohol Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; l.degenhardt@unsw.edu.au
Background: It is unclear whether the normative sequence of drug use initiation, beginning with tobacco and alcohol, progressing to cannabis and then other illicit drugs, is due to causal effects of specific earlier drug use promoting progression, or to influences of other variables such as drug availability and attitudes. One way to investigate this is to see whether risk of later drug use in the sequence, conditional on use of drugs earlier in the sequence, changes according to time-space variation in use prevalence. We compared patterns and order of initiation of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and other illicit drug use across 17 countries with a wide range of drug use prevalence. Method: Analyses used data from World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys, a series of parallel community epidemiological surveys using the same instruments and field procedures carried out in 17 countries throughout the world. Results: Initiation of "gateway" substances (i.e. alcohol, tobacco and cannabis) was differentially associated with subsequent onset of other illicit drug use based on background prevalence of gateway substance use. Cross-country differences in substance use prevalence also corresponded to differences in the likelihood of individuals reporting a non-normative sequence of substance initiation. Conclusion: These results suggest the "gateway" pattern at least partially reflects unmeasured common causes rather than causal effects of specific drugs on subsequent use of others. This implies that successful efforts to prevent use of specific "gateway" drugs may not in themselves lead to major reductions in the use of later drugs. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Increased risks for mental disorders among LGB individuals: cross‑national evidence from the World Mental Health Surveys
(Springer, 2022) Gmelin, Jan-Ole H.; Vries, Ymkje-Anna De ; Baams, Laura; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Alonso, Jordi; Borges, Guilherme; Bunting, Brendan; Cardoso, Graca; Florescu, Silvia; Gureje, Oye; Karam, Elie G.; Kawakami, Norito; Lee, Sing; Mneimneh, Zeina; Navarro-Mateu, Fernando; Posada-Villa, José; Rapsey, Charlene; Slade, Tim; Stagnaro, Juan Carlos; Torres, Yolanda; Kessler, Ronald C.; Jonge, Peter de; WHO World Mental Health Survey collaborators; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Al-Hamzawi, Ali; Alonso, Jordi; Andrade, Laura Helena; Atwoli, Lukoye; Benjet, Corina; Borges, Guilherme; Bromet, Evelyn J.; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Bunting, Brendan; Caldas-de-Almeida, Jose Miguel; Cardoso, Graça; Chatterji, Somnath; Cia, Alfredo H.; Degenhardt, Louisa; Demyttenaere, Koen; Florescu, Silvia; Girolamo, Giovanni de; Gureje, Oye; Haro, Josep Maria; Harris, Meredith G.; Hinkov, Hristo; Hu, Chi-Yi; Jonge, Peter de; Karam, Aimee Nasser; Karam, Elie G.; Kawakami, Norito; Kessler, Ronald C.; Kiejna, Andrzej; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane; Lee, Sing; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; McGrath, John J.; Medina-Mora, Maria Elena; Mneimneh, Zeina; Moskalewicz, Jacek; Navarro-Mateu, Fernando; Piazza, Marina; Posada-Villa, Jose; Scott, Kate M.; Slade, Tim; Stagnaro, Juan Carlos; Stein, Dan J.; Have, Margreet Ten; Torres, Yolanda; Viana, Maria Carmen; Vigo, Daniel V.; Whiteford, Harvey; Williams, David R.; Wojtyniak, Bogdan; Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS, Groningen, The Netherlands; j.h.gmelin@rug.nl (Jan-Ole H. Gmelin)
Perceived helpfulness of bipolar disorder treatment: Findings from the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2021) Nierenberg, Andrew A.; Harris, Meredith G.; Kazdin, Alan E.; Puac-Polanco, Victor; Sampson, Nancy; Vigo, Daniel V.; Chiu, Wai Tat; Ziobrowski, Hannah N.; Alonso, Jordi; Altwaijri, Yasmin; Borges, Guilherme; Bunting, Brendan; Caldas-de-Almeida, José Miguel; Haro, Josep Maria; Hu, Chi-yi; Kiejna, Andrzej; Lee, Sing; McGrath, John J.; Navarro-Mateu, Fernando; Posada-Villa, José; Scott, Kate M.; Stagnaro, Juan Carlos; Viana, Maria Carmen; Kessler, Ronald C.; WHO World Mental Health Survey collaborators; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Al-Hamzawi, Ali; Al-Kaisy, Mohammed Salih; Alonso, Jordi; Andrade, Laura Helena; Atwoli, Lukoye; Benjet, Corina; Borges, Guilherme; Bromet, Evelyn J.; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Bunting, Brendan; Caldas-de-Almeida, Jose Miguel; Cardoso, Graça; Chatterji, Somnath; Cia, Alfredo H.; Degenhardt, Louisa; Demyttenaere, Koen; Florescu, Silvia; Girolamo, Gionanni de; Gureje, Oye; Haro, Josep Maria; Harris, Meredith G.; Hinkov, Hristo; Hu, Chi-yi; Jonge, Peter de; Karam, Aimee Nasser; Karam, Elie G.; Kawakami, Norito; Kessler, Ronald C.; Kiejna, Andrzej; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane; Lee, Sing; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; McGrath, John; Medina-Mora, Maria Elena; Mneimneh, Zeina; Moskalewicz, Jacek; Navarro-Mateu, Fernando; Piazza, Marina; Posada-Villa, Jose; Scott, Kate M.; Slade, Tim; Stagnaro, Juan Carlos; Stein, Dan J.; Have, Margreet ten; Torres, Yolanda; Viana, Maria Carmen; Vigo, Daniel V.; Whiteford, Harvey; Williams, David R.; Wojtyniak, Bogdan; Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu (Ronald C. Kessler)
Perceived helpfulness of treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a World Mental Health Surveys report
(BioMed Central, 2021) Stein, Dan J.; Kazdin, Alan E.; Ruscio, Ayelet Meron; Chiu, Wai Tat; Sampson, Nancy A.; Ziobrowski, Hannah N.; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Al-Hamzawi, Ali; Alonso, Jordi; Altwaijri, Yasmin; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Bunting, Brendan; Girolamo, Giovanni de; Jonge, Peter de; Degenhardt, Louisa; Gureje, Oye; Haro, Josep Maria; Harris, Meredith G.; Karam, Aimee; Karam, Elie G.; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane; Lee, Sing; Medina-Mora, Maria Elena; Moskalewicz, Jacek; Navarro-Mateu, Fernando; Nishi, Daisuke; Posada-Villa, José; Scott, Kate M.; Viana, Maria Carmen; Vigo, Daniel V.; Xavier, Miguel; Zarkov, Zahari; Kessler, Ronald C.; WHO World Mental Health Survey collaborators; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Al-Hamzawi, Ali; Al-Kaisy, Mohammed Salih; Alonso, Jordi; Altwaijri, Yasmin A.; Andrade, Laura Helena; Atwoli, Lukoye; Benjet, Corina; Borges, Guilherme; Bromet, Evelyn J.; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Bunting, Brendan; Caldas-de-Almeida, Jose Miguel; Cardoso, Graça; Chatterji, Somnath; Cia, Alfredo H.; Degenhardt, Louisa; Demyttenaere, Koen; Florescu, Silvia; Girolamo, Giovanni de; Gureje, Oye; Haro, Josep Maria; Harris, Meredith G.; Hinkov, Hristo; Hu, Chi-Yi; Jonge, Peter de; Karam, Aimee Nasser; Karam, Elie G.; Kawakami, Norito; Kessler, Ronald C.; Kiejna, Andrzej; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane; Lee, Sing; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; McGrath, John J.; Medina-Mora, Maria Elena; Mneimneh, Zeina; Moskalewicz, Jacek; Navarro-Mateu, Fernando; Piazza, Marina; Posada-Villa, Jose; Scott, Kate M.; Slade, Tim; Stagnaro, Juan Carlos; Stein, Dan J.; Have, Margreet Ten; Torres, Yolanda; Viana, Maria Carmen; Vigo, Daniel V.; Whiteford, Harvey; Williams, David R.; Wojtyniak, Bogdan; Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health and South African Medical Council Research Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; dan.stein@uct.ac.za
Perceived helpfulness of treatment for social anxiety disorder: findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
(Springer, 2022) Bruffaerts, Ronny; Harris, Mereddith G.; Kazdin, Alan E.; Vigo, Daniel V.; Sampson, Nancy A.; Chiu, Wai Tat; Al-Hamzawi, Ali; Alonso, Jordi; Altwaijri, Yasmin A.; Andrade, Laura; Benjet, Corina; Girolamo, Giovanni de; Florescu, Silvia; Haro, Josep Maria; Hu, Chi-yi; Karam, Aimee; Karam, Elie G.; Koves-Masfety, Viviane; Lee, Sing; McGrath, John J.; Navarro-Mateu, Fernando; Nishi, Daisuke; O´Neill, Siobhan; Posada-Villa, José; Scott, Kate M.; Have, Margreet ten; Torres, Yolanda; Wojtyniak, Bogdan; Xavier, Miguel; Zarkov, Zahari; Kessler, Ronald C.; WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Al-Hamzawi, Ali; Al-Kaisy, Mohammed; Altwaijri, Yasmine A.; Alonso, Jordi; Andrade, Laura Helena; Atwoli, Lukoye; Benjet, Corina; Borges, Guilherme; Bromet, Evelyn J.; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Bunting, Brendan; Caldas-de-Almeida, Jose Miguel; Cardoso, Graça; Chatterji, Somnath; Cia, Alfredo H.; Degenhardt, Louisa; Demyttenaere, Koen; Florescu, Silvia; Girolamo, Giovanni de; Gureje, Oye; Haro, Josep Maria; Harris, Meredith G.; Hinkov, Hristo; Hu, Chi-Yi; Jonge, Peter de; Karam, Aimee Nasser; Karam, Elie G.; Kawakami, Norito; Kessler, Ronald C.; Kiejna, Andrzej; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane; Lee, Sing; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; McGrath, John J.; Medina-Mora, Maria Elena; Mneimneh, Zeina; Moskalewicz, Jacek; Navarro-Mateu, Fernando; Piazza, Marina; Posada-Villa, Jose; Scott, Kate M.; Slade, Tim; Stagnaro, Juan Carlos; Stein, Dan J.; Have, Margreet Ten; Torres, Yolanda; Viana, Maria Carmen; Vigo, Daniel V.; Whiteford, Harvey; Williams, David R.; Wojtyniak, Bogdan; Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum-Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (UPC-KUL), Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu (Ronald C. Kessler)
Psychotic experiences and general medical conditions: a cross-national analysis based on 28,002 respondents from 16 countries in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
(Cambridge University Press, 2018) Scott, Kate M.; Saha, Sukanta; Lim, Carmen C. W.; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Al-Hamzawi, Ali; Alonso, Jordi; Benjet, Corina; Bromet, Evelyn J.; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Caldas-de-Almeida, José Miguel; Girolamo, Giovanni de; Jonge, Peter de; Degenhardt, Louisa; Florescu, Silvia; Gureje, Oye; Haro, Josep M.; Hu, Chiyi; Karam, Elie G.; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane; Lee, Sing; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Mneimneh, Zeina; Navarro-Mateu, Fernando; Piazza, Marina; Posada-Villa, José; Sampson, Nancy A.; Stagnaro, Juan Carlos; Kessler, Ronald C.; McGrath, John J.; WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators; Borges, Guilherme; Medina-Mora, Maria Elena; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Prof. John McGrath j.mcgrath@uq.edu.au
Role of common mental and physical disorders in partial disability around the world
(2012) Bruffaerts, Ronny; Vilagut, Gemma; Demyttenaere, Koen; Alonso, Jordi; AlHamzawi, Ali; Helena Andrade, Laura; Benjet, Corina; Bromet, Evelyn; Bunting, Brendan; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Florescu, Silvia; Gureje, Oye; Haro, Josep Maria; He, Yanling; Hinkov, Hristo; Hu, Chiyi; Karam, Elie G.; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Levinson, Daphna; Matschinger, Herbert; Nakane, Yoshibumi; Ormel, Johan; Posada-Villa, José; Scott, Kate M.; Varghese, Matthew; Williams, David R.; Xavier, Miguel; Kessler, Ronald C.