Browsing by Author "Gasquet, I."

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Depression-anxiety relationships with chronic physical conditions: results from the World Mental Health Surveys
(2007) Scott, K.M.; Bruffaerts, R.; Tsang, A.; Ormel, J.; Alonso, J.; Angermeyer, M.C.; Benjet, C.; Bromet, E.; De Girolamo, G.; De Graaf, R.; Gasquet, I.; Gureje, O.; Haro, J.M.; He, Y.; Kessler, R.C.; Levinson, D.; Mneimneh, Z.N.; Oakley-Browne, M.A.; Posada-Villa, J.; Stein, D.J.; Takeshima, T.; Von-Korff, M.; Department of Psychological Medicine, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box 7343 Wellington South, New Zealand; kate.scott@otago.ac.nz
Mental-physical co-morbidity and its relationship with disability: results from the World Mental Health Surveys
(CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA, 2009) Scott, K.M.; Von Korff, M.; Alonso, J.; Angermeyer, M.C.; Bromet, E.; Fayyad, J.; De Girolamo, G.; Demyttenaere, K.; Gasquet, I.; Gureje, O.; Haro, J.M.; He, Y.; Kessler, R.C.; Levinson, D.; Medina Mora, M.E.; Oakley Browne, M.; Ormel, J.; Posada-Villa, J.; Watanabe, M.; Williams, D.; Univ Otago, Dept Psychol Med, Wellington, New Zealand; kate.scott@otago.ac.nz
Background. The relationship between mental and physical disorders is well established, but there is less consensus as to the nature of their joint association with disability, in part because additive and interactive models of co-morbidity have not always been clearly differentiated in prior research. Method. Eighteen general population surveys were carried out among adults as part of the World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative (n = 42 697). DSM-IV disorders were assessed using face-to-face interviews with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). Chronic physical conditions (arthritis, heart disease, respiratory disease, chronic back/neck pain, chronic headache, and diabetes) were ascertained using a standard checklist. Severe disability was defined as on or above the 90th percentile of the WMH version of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS-II). Results. The odds of severe disability among those with both mental disorder and each of the physical conditions (with the exception of heart disease) were significantly greater than the sum of the odds of the single conditions. The evidence for synergy was model dependent: it was observed in the additive interaction models but not in models assessing multiplicative interactions. Mental disorders were more likely to be associated with severe disability than were the chronic physical conditions. Conclusions. This first cross-national study of the joint effect of mental and physical conditions on the probability of severe disability finds that co-morbidity exerts modest synergistic effects. Clinicians need to accord both mental and physical conditions equal priority, in order for co-morbidity to be adequately managed and disability reduced.
Obesity and mental disorders in the general population: results from the world mental health surveys
(NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND, 2008) Scott, K.M.; Bruffaerts, R.; Simon, G.E.; Alonso, J.; Angermeyer, M.; De Girolamo, G.; Demyttenaere, K.; Gasquet, I.; Haro, J.M.; Karam, E.; Kessler, R.C.; Levinson, D.; Medina Mora, M.E.; Browne, M.A. Oakley; Ormel, J.; Villa, J.P.; Uda, H.; Von Korff, M.; Univ Otago, Wellington Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Wellington, New Zealand; kate.scott@otago.ac.nz
Objectives: (1) To investigate whether there is an association between obesity and mental disorders in the general populations of diverse countries, and (2) to establish whether demographic variables (sex, age, education) moderate any associations observed. Design: Thirteen cross-sectional, general population surveys conducted as part of the World Mental Health Surveys initiative. Subjects: Household residing adults, 18 years and over (n = 62 277). Measurements: DSM-IV mental disorders (anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, alcohol use disorders) were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0), a fully structured diagnostic interview. Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m(2) or greater; severe obesity as BMI 35+. Persons with BMI less than 18.5 were excluded from analysis. Height and weight were self-reported. Results: Statistically significant, albeit modest associations (odds ratios generally in the range of 1.2-1.5) were observed between obesity and depressive disorders, and between obesity and anxiety disorders, in pooled data across countries. These associations were concentrated among those with severe obesity, and among females. Age and education had variable effects across depressive and anxiety disorders. Conclusions: The findings are suggestive of a modest relationship between obesity (particularly severe obesity) and emotional disorders among women in the general population. The study is limited by the self-report of BMI and cannot clarify the direction or nature of the relationship observed, but it may indicate a need for a research and clinical focus on the psychological heterogeneity of the obese population.
Prevalence, severity, and unmet need for treatment of mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys
(AMER MEDICAL ASSOC, 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA, 2004) Demyttenaere, K.; Bruffaerts, R.; Posada-Villa, J.; Gasquet, I.; Kovess, V.; Lepine, J.P.; Angermeyer, M.C.; Bernert, S.; De Girolamo, G.; Morosini, P.; Polidori, G.; Kikkawa, T.; Kawakami, N.; Ono, Y.; Takeshima, T.; Uda, H.; Karam, E.G.; Fayyad, J.A.; Karam, A.N.; Mneimneh, Z.N.; Medina-Mora, M.E.; Borges, G.; Lara, C.; De Graaf, R.; Ormel, J.; Gureje, O.; Shen, Y.C.; Huang, Y.Q.; Zhang, M.Y.; Alonso, J.; Haro, J.M.; Vilagut, G.; Bromet, E.J.; Gluzman, S.; Webb, C.; Kessler, R.C.; Merikangas, K.R.; Anthony, J.C.; Von Korff, M.R.; Wang, P.S.; Alonso, J.; Brugha, T.S.; Aguilar-Gaxiola, S.; Lee, S.; Heeringa, S.; Pennell, B.E.; Zaslavsky, A.M.; Ustun, T.B.; Chatterji, S.; Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA; kessler@hcp.med.harvard
Context Little is known about the extent or severity of untreated mental disorders, especially in less-developed countries. Objective To estimate prevalence, severity, and treatment of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) mental disorders in 14 countries (6 less developed, 8 developed) in the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative. Design, Setting, and Participants Face-to-face household surveys of 60463 community adults conducted from 2001-2003 in 14 countries in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Asia. Main Outcome Measures The DSM-IV disorders, severity, and treatment were assessed with the WMH version of the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI), a fully structured, lay-administered psychiatric diagnostic interview. Results The prevalence of having any WMH-CIDI/DSM-IV disorder in the prior year varied widely, from 4.3% in Shanghai to 26.4% in the United States, with an interquartile range (IQR) of 9.1%-16.9%. Between 33.1% (Colombia) and 80.9% (Nigeria) of 12-month cases were mild (IQR, 40.2%-53.3%). Serious disorders were associated with substantial role disability. Although disorder severity was correlated with probability of treatment in almost all countries, 35.5%.to 50.3% of serious cases in developed countries and 76.3% to 85.4% in less-developed countries received no treatment in the 12 months before the interview. Due to the high prevalence of mild and subthreshold cases, the number of those who received treatment far exceeds the number of untreated serious cases in every country. Conclusions Reallocation of treatment resources could substantially decrease the problem of unmet need for treatment of mental disorders among serious cases. Structural barriers exist to this reallocation. Careful consideration needs to be given to the value of treating some mild cases,. especially those at risk for progressing to more serious disorders.
The prevalence and effects of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on the performance of workers: results from the WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative
(B M J PUBLISHING GROUP, BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND, 2008) De Graaf, R.; Kessler, R.C.; Fayyad, J.; Ten Have, M.; Alonso, J.; Angermeyer, M.; Borges, G.; Demyttenaere, K.; Gasquet, I.; De Girolamo, G.; Haro, J.M.; Jin, R.; Karam, E.G.; Ormel, J.; Posada-Villa, J.; Netherlands Inst Mental Hlth & Addict, NL-3521 VS Utrecht, Netherlands; rgraaf@trimbos.nl