Browsing by Author "Demyttenaere, K."

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A multinational study of mental disorders, marriage, and divorce
(WILEY-BLACKWELL, COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA, 2011) Breslau, J.; Miller, E.; Jin, R.; Sampson, N.A.; Alonso, J.; Andrade, L.H.; Bromet, E.J.; De Girolamo, G.; Demyttenaere, K.; Fayyad, J.; Fukao, A.; Galaon, M.; Gureje, O.; He, Y.; Hinkov, H.R.; Hu, C.; Kovess-Masfety, V.; Matschinger, H.; Medina-Mora, M.E.; Ormel, J.; Posada-Villa, J.; Sagar, R.; Scott, K.M.; Kessler, R.C.; Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA; ncs@hcp.med.harvard.edu
Objective: Estimate predictive associations of mental disorders with marriage and divorce in a cross-national sample. Method: Population surveys of mental disorders included assessment of age at first marriage in 19 countries (n = 46 128) and age at first divorce in a subset of 12 countries (n = 30 729). Associations between mental disorders and subsequent marriage and divorce were estimated in discrete time survival models. Results: Fourteen of 18 premarital mental disorders are associated with lower likelihood of ever marrying (odds ratios ranging from 0.6 to 0.9), but these associations vary across ages of marriage. Associations between premarital mental disorders and marriage are generally null for early marriage (age 17 or younger), but negative associations come to predominate at later ages. All 18 mental disorders are positively associated with divorce (odds ratios ranging from 1.2 to 1.8). Three disorders, specific phobia, major depression, and alcohol abuse, are associated with the largest population attributable risk proportions for both marriage and divorce. Conclusion: This evidence adds to research demonstrating adverse effects of mental disorders on life course altering events across a diverse range of socioeconomic and cultural settings. These effects should be included in considerations of public health investments in preventing and treating mental disorders.
Anxious and non-anxious major depressive disorder in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey
(2015) Kessler, R.C.; Sampson, N.A.; Berglund, P.; Gruber, M.J.; AlHamzawi, A.; Andrade, L.; Bunting, B.; Demyttenaere, K.; Florescu, S.; De Girolamo, G.; Gureje, O.; He, Y.; Hu, C.; Huang, Y.; Karam, E. Kovess-Masfety, V.; Lee, S.; FRCPsych; Levinson, D.; Medina Mora, M.E.; Moskalewicz, J.; Nakamura, Y.; Navarro-Mateu, F.; Oakley Browne, Mark A.; Piazza, S.; Posada-Villa, J.; Slade, T.; Ten Have, M.; Torres, Y.; Vilagut, G.; Xavier, M.; Zarkov, Z.; Shahly, V.; Wilcox, M.A.; Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
Cross-national prevalence and correlates of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
(2007) Fayyad, J.; De Graaf, R.; Kessler, R.; Alonso, J.; Angermeyer, M.; Demyttenaere, K.; De Girolamo, G.; Haro, J. M.; Karam, E. G.; Lara, C.; Lepine, J. P.; Ormel, J.; Posada-Villa, J.; Zaslavsky, A. M.; Jin, R.; permissions@rcpsych.ac.uk
Gender and the relationship between marital status and first onset of mood, anxiety and substance use disorders
(London : Cambridge University Press, 2010) Scott, K.M.; Wells, J.E.; Angermeyer, M.; Brugha, T.S.; Bromet, E.; Demyttenaere, K.; De Girolamo, G.; Gureje, O.; Haro, J.M.; Jin, R.; Nasser Karam, A.; Kovess, V.; Lara, C.; Levinson, D.; Ormel, J.; Posada-Villa, J.; Sampson, N.; Takeshima, T.; Zhang, M.; Kessler, R.C.; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand; kate.scott@otago.ac.nz
Implications of modifying the duration requirement of generalized anxiety disorder in developed and developing countries
(CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA, 2009) Lee, S.; Tsang, A.; Ruscio, A.M.; Haro, J.M.; Stein, D.J.; Alonso, J.; Angermeyer, M.C.; Bromet, E.J.; Demyttenaere, K.; De Girolamo, G.; De Graaf, R.; Gureje, O.; Iwata, N.; Karam, E.G.; Lepine, J.P.; Levinson, D.; Medina-Mora, M.E.; Oakley Browne, M.A.; Posada-Villa, J.; Kessler, R.C.; Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Psychiat, Hong Kong Mood Disorders Ctr, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China; singlee@cuhk.edu.hk
Background. A number of western studies have suggested that the 6-month duration requirement of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) does not represent a critical threshold in terms of onset, course, or risk factors of the disorder. No study has examined the consequences of modifying the duration requirement across a wide range of correlates in both developed and developing countries. Method. Population surveys were carried out in seven developing and 10 developed countries using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (total sample=85052). prevalence and correlates of GAD were compared across mutually exclusive GAD subgroups defined by different minimum duration criteria. Results. Lifetime prevalence estimates for GAD lasting I month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months were 7.5%, 5.2%, 4.1% and 3.0% for developed countries and 2.7%, 1.8%, 1.5% and 1.2% for developing countries, respectively. There was little difference between GAD of 6 months' duration and GAD of shorter durations (1-2 months, 3-5 months) in age of onset, symptom severity or persistence, co-morbidity or impairment. GAD lasting >= 12 months was the most severe, persistently symptomatic and impaired subgroup. Conclusions. In both developed and developing countries, the clinical profile of GAD is similar regardless of duration. The DSM-IV 6-month duration criterion excludes a large number of individuals who present with shorter generalized anxiety episodes which may be recurrent, impairing and contributory to treatment-seeking. Future iterations of the DSM and ICD should consider modifying the 6-month duration criterion so as to better capture the diversity of clinically salient anxiety presentations.
Mental disorders among college students in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys
(London : Cambridge University Press, 2016) Auerbach, R. P.; Alonso, J.; Axinn, W. G.; Cuijpers, P.; Ebert, D. D.; Green, J. G.; Hwang, I.; Kessler, R. C.; Liu, H.; Mortier, P.; Nock, M. K.; Pinder-Amaker, S.; Sampson, N. A.; Aguilar-Gaxiola, A.; Al-Hamzawi, A.; Andrade, L. H.; Benjet, C.; Caldas-de-Almeida, J. M.; Demyttenaere, K.; Florescu, S.; De Girolamo, G.; Gureje, O.; Haro, J. M.; Karam, E. G.; Kiejna, A.; Kovess-Masfety, V.; Lee, S.; McGrath, J. J.; O’Neill, S.; Pennell, B.-E.; Scott, K.; Ten Have, M.; Torres, Y.; Zaslavsky, A. M.; Zarkov, Z.; Bruffaerts, R.; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
Mental-physical co-morbidity and its relationship with disability: results from the World Mental Health Surveys
(CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA, 2009) Scott, K.M.; Von Korff, M.; Alonso, J.; Angermeyer, M.C.; Bromet, E.; Fayyad, J.; De Girolamo, G.; Demyttenaere, K.; Gasquet, I.; Gureje, O.; Haro, J.M.; He, Y.; Kessler, R.C.; Levinson, D.; Medina Mora, M.E.; Oakley Browne, M.; Ormel, J.; Posada-Villa, J.; Watanabe, M.; Williams, D.; Univ Otago, Dept Psychol Med, Wellington, New Zealand; kate.scott@otago.ac.nz
Background. The relationship between mental and physical disorders is well established, but there is less consensus as to the nature of their joint association with disability, in part because additive and interactive models of co-morbidity have not always been clearly differentiated in prior research. Method. Eighteen general population surveys were carried out among adults as part of the World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative (n = 42 697). DSM-IV disorders were assessed using face-to-face interviews with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). Chronic physical conditions (arthritis, heart disease, respiratory disease, chronic back/neck pain, chronic headache, and diabetes) were ascertained using a standard checklist. Severe disability was defined as on or above the 90th percentile of the WMH version of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS-II). Results. The odds of severe disability among those with both mental disorder and each of the physical conditions (with the exception of heart disease) were significantly greater than the sum of the odds of the single conditions. The evidence for synergy was model dependent: it was observed in the additive interaction models but not in models assessing multiplicative interactions. Mental disorders were more likely to be associated with severe disability than were the chronic physical conditions. Conclusions. This first cross-national study of the joint effect of mental and physical conditions on the probability of severe disability finds that co-morbidity exerts modest synergistic effects. Clinicians need to accord both mental and physical conditions equal priority, in order for co-morbidity to be adequately managed and disability reduced.
Obesity and mental disorders in the general population: results from the world mental health surveys
(NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND, 2008) Scott, K.M.; Bruffaerts, R.; Simon, G.E.; Alonso, J.; Angermeyer, M.; De Girolamo, G.; Demyttenaere, K.; Gasquet, I.; Haro, J.M.; Karam, E.; Kessler, R.C.; Levinson, D.; Medina Mora, M.E.; Browne, M.A. Oakley; Ormel, J.; Villa, J.P.; Uda, H.; Von Korff, M.; Univ Otago, Wellington Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Wellington, New Zealand; kate.scott@otago.ac.nz
Objectives: (1) To investigate whether there is an association between obesity and mental disorders in the general populations of diverse countries, and (2) to establish whether demographic variables (sex, age, education) moderate any associations observed. Design: Thirteen cross-sectional, general population surveys conducted as part of the World Mental Health Surveys initiative. Subjects: Household residing adults, 18 years and over (n = 62 277). Measurements: DSM-IV mental disorders (anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, alcohol use disorders) were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0), a fully structured diagnostic interview. Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m(2) or greater; severe obesity as BMI 35+. Persons with BMI less than 18.5 were excluded from analysis. Height and weight were self-reported. Results: Statistically significant, albeit modest associations (odds ratios generally in the range of 1.2-1.5) were observed between obesity and depressive disorders, and between obesity and anxiety disorders, in pooled data across countries. These associations were concentrated among those with severe obesity, and among females. Age and education had variable effects across depressive and anxiety disorders. Conclusions: The findings are suggestive of a modest relationship between obesity (particularly severe obesity) and emotional disorders among women in the general population. The study is limited by the self-report of BMI and cannot clarify the direction or nature of the relationship observed, but it may indicate a need for a research and clinical focus on the psychological heterogeneity of the obese population.
Prevalence, severity, and unmet need for treatment of mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys
(AMER MEDICAL ASSOC, 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA, 2004) Demyttenaere, K.; Bruffaerts, R.; Posada-Villa, J.; Gasquet, I.; Kovess, V.; Lepine, J.P.; Angermeyer, M.C.; Bernert, S.; De Girolamo, G.; Morosini, P.; Polidori, G.; Kikkawa, T.; Kawakami, N.; Ono, Y.; Takeshima, T.; Uda, H.; Karam, E.G.; Fayyad, J.A.; Karam, A.N.; Mneimneh, Z.N.; Medina-Mora, M.E.; Borges, G.; Lara, C.; De Graaf, R.; Ormel, J.; Gureje, O.; Shen, Y.C.; Huang, Y.Q.; Zhang, M.Y.; Alonso, J.; Haro, J.M.; Vilagut, G.; Bromet, E.J.; Gluzman, S.; Webb, C.; Kessler, R.C.; Merikangas, K.R.; Anthony, J.C.; Von Korff, M.R.; Wang, P.S.; Alonso, J.; Brugha, T.S.; Aguilar-Gaxiola, S.; Lee, S.; Heeringa, S.; Pennell, B.E.; Zaslavsky, A.M.; Ustun, T.B.; Chatterji, S.; Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA; kessler@hcp.med.harvard
Context Little is known about the extent or severity of untreated mental disorders, especially in less-developed countries. Objective To estimate prevalence, severity, and treatment of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) mental disorders in 14 countries (6 less developed, 8 developed) in the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative. Design, Setting, and Participants Face-to-face household surveys of 60463 community adults conducted from 2001-2003 in 14 countries in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Asia. Main Outcome Measures The DSM-IV disorders, severity, and treatment were assessed with the WMH version of the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI), a fully structured, lay-administered psychiatric diagnostic interview. Results The prevalence of having any WMH-CIDI/DSM-IV disorder in the prior year varied widely, from 4.3% in Shanghai to 26.4% in the United States, with an interquartile range (IQR) of 9.1%-16.9%. Between 33.1% (Colombia) and 80.9% (Nigeria) of 12-month cases were mild (IQR, 40.2%-53.3%). Serious disorders were associated with substantial role disability. Although disorder severity was correlated with probability of treatment in almost all countries, 35.5%.to 50.3% of serious cases in developed countries and 76.3% to 85.4% in less-developed countries received no treatment in the 12 months before the interview. Due to the high prevalence of mild and subthreshold cases, the number of those who received treatment far exceeds the number of untreated serious cases in every country. Conclusions Reallocation of treatment resources could substantially decrease the problem of unmet need for treatment of mental disorders among serious cases. Structural barriers exist to this reallocation. Careful consideration needs to be given to the value of treating some mild cases,. especially those at risk for progressing to more serious disorders.
Substance misuse disguised as ADHD? Authors' reply
(ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS, BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON SW1X 8PG, ENGLAND, 2007) Kessler, R.C.; Fayyad, J.; Karam, E.G.; Alonso, J.; Demyttenaere, K.; Haro, J.M.; Lara, C.; Lepine, J.P.; Zaslavsky, A.M.; Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, 180 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
The prevalence and effects of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on the performance of workers: results from the WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative
(B M J PUBLISHING GROUP, BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND, 2008) De Graaf, R.; Kessler, R.C.; Fayyad, J.; Ten Have, M.; Alonso, J.; Angermeyer, M.; Borges, G.; Demyttenaere, K.; Gasquet, I.; De Girolamo, G.; Haro, J.M.; Jin, R.; Karam, E.G.; Ormel, J.; Posada-Villa, J.; Netherlands Inst Mental Hlth & Addict, NL-3521 VS Utrecht, Netherlands; rgraaf@trimbos.nl
Treatment of suicidal people around the world
(ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS, BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON SW1X 8PG, ENGLAND, 2011) Bruffaerts, R.; Demyttenaere, K.; Hwang, I.; Chiu, W-T.; Sampson, N.; Kessler, R.C.; Alonso, J.; Borges, G.; De Girolamo, G.; De Graaf, R.; Florescu, S.; Gureje, O.; Hu, C.; Karam, E.G.; Kawakami, N.; Kostyuchenko, S.; Kovess-Masfety, V.; Lee, S.; Levinson, D.; Matschinger, H.; Posada-Villa, J.; Sagar, R.; Scott, K.M.; Stein, D.J.; Tomov, T.; Viana, M.C.; Nock, M.K.; UPC KUL, Univ Hosp Gasthuisberg, Louvain, Belgium; ronny.bruffaerts@med.kuleuven.be
Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide; however, little information is available about the treatment of suicidal people, or about barriers to treatment. Aims: To examine the receipt of mental health treatment and barriers to care among suicidal people around the world. Method: Twenty-one nationally representative samples worldwide (n=55 302; age 18 years and over) from the World Health Organization's World Mental Health Surveys were interviewed regarding past-year suicidal behaviour and past-year healthcare use. Suicidal respondents who had not used services in the past year were asked why they had not sought care. Results: Two-fifths of the suicidal respondents had received treatment (from 17% in low-income countries to 56% in high-income countries), mostly from a general medical practitioner (22%), psychiatrist (15%) or non-psychiatrist (15%). Those who had actually attempted suicide were more likely to receive care. Low perceived need was the most important reason for not seeking help (58%), followed by attitudinal barriers such as the wish to handle the problem alone (40%) and structural barriers such as financial concerns (15%). Only 7% of respondents endorsed stigma as a reason for not seeking treatment. Conclusions: Most people with suicide ideation, plans and attempts receive no treatment. This is a consistent and pervasive finding, especially in low-income countries. Improving the receipt of treatment worldwide will have to take into account culture-specific factors that may influence the process of help-seeking.