Browsing by Author "De Graaf, R."

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Age patterns in the prevalence of DSM-IV depressive/anxiety disorders with and without physical co-morbidity
(CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA, 2008) Scott, K.M.; Von Korff, M.; Alonso, J.; Angermeyer, M.; Bromet, E.J.; Bruffaerts, R.; De Girolamo, G.; De Graaf, R.; Fernández, A.; Gureje, O.; He, Y.; Kessler, R.C.; Kovess, V.; Levinson, D.; Medina-Mora, M.E.; Mneimneh, Z.; Browne, M.A. Oakley; Posada-Villa, J.; Tachimori, H.; Williams, D.; Univ Otago, Dept Psychol Med, Wellington, New Zealand; kate.scott@otago.ac.nz
Background. Physical morbidity is a potent risk factor for depression onset and clearly increases with age, yet prior research has often found depressive disorders to decrease with age. This study tests the possibility that the relationship between age and mental disorders differs as a function of physical co-morbidity. Method. Eighteen general population surveys were carried out among household-residing adults as part of the World Mental Health (WMH) surveys initiative (n = 42 697). DSM-IV disorders were assessed using face-to-face interviews with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). The effect of age was estimated for 12-month depressive and/or anxiety disorders with and without physical or pain co-morbidity, and for physical and/or pain conditions without mental co-morbidity. Results. Depressive and anxiety disorders decreased with age, a result that cannot be explained by organic exclusion criteria. No significant difference was found in the relationship between mental disorders and age as a function of physical/pain co-morbidity. The majority of older persons have chronic physical or pain conditions without co-morbid mental disorders; by contrast, the majority of those with mental disorders have physical/pain co-morbidity, particularly among the older age groups. Conclusions. CIDI-diagnosed depressive and anxiety disorders in the general population decrease with age, despite greatly increasing physical morbidity with age. Physical morbidity among persons with mental disorder is the norm, particularly in older populations. Health professionals, including mental health professionals, need to address barriers to the management of physical co-morbidity among those with mental disorders.
Barriers to Mental Health Treatment: Results from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys
(2014) Andrade, L. H.; Alonso, J.; Mneimneh, Z.; Wells, J. E.; Al-Hamzawi, A.; Borges, G.; Bromet, E.; Bruffaerts, R.; De Girolamo, G.; De Graaf, R.; Florescu, S.; Gureje, O.; Hinkov, H. R.; Hu, C.; Huang, Y.; Hwang, I.; Jin, R.; Karam, E. G.; Kovess-Masfety, V.; Levinson, D.; Matschinger, H.; O’Neill, S.; Posada-Villa, J.; Sagar, R.; Sampson, N. A.; Section of Psychiatric Epidemiology-LIM 23, Department/Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
Cross-national prevalence and correlates of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
(2007) Fayyad, J.; De Graaf, R.; Kessler, R.; Alonso, J.; Angermeyer, M.; Demyttenaere, K.; De Girolamo, G.; Haro, J. M.; Karam, E. G.; Lara, C.; Lepine, J. P.; Ormel, J.; Posada-Villa, J.; Zaslavsky, A. M.; Jin, R.; permissions@rcpsych.ac.uk
Depression-anxiety relationships with chronic physical conditions: results from the World Mental Health Surveys
(2007) Scott, K.M.; Bruffaerts, R.; Tsang, A.; Ormel, J.; Alonso, J.; Angermeyer, M.C.; Benjet, C.; Bromet, E.; De Girolamo, G.; De Graaf, R.; Gasquet, I.; Gureje, O.; Haro, J.M.; He, Y.; Kessler, R.C.; Levinson, D.; Mneimneh, Z.N.; Oakley-Browne, M.A.; Posada-Villa, J.; Stein, D.J.; Takeshima, T.; Von-Korff, M.; Department of Psychological Medicine, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box 7343 Wellington South, New Zealand; kate.scott@otago.ac.nz
Embarrassment when illness strikes a close relative: a World Mental Health Survey Consortium Multi-Site Study
(CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA, 2013) Ahmedani, B.K.; Kubiak, S.P.; Kessler, R.C.; De Graaf, R.; Alonso, J.; Bruffaerts, R.; Zarkov, Z.; Viana, M.C.; Huang, Y.Q.; Hu, C.; Posada-Villa, J.A.; Lepine, J.P.; Angermeyer, M.C.; De Girolamo, G.; Karam, A.N.; Medina-Mora, M.E.; Gureje, O.; Ferry, F.; Sagar, R.; Anthony, J.C.; Henry Ford Hlth Syst, Ctr Hlth Policy & Hlth Serv Res, 1 Ford Pl,Suite 3A, Detroit, MI 48202 USA.; bahmeda1@hfhs.org
Implications of modifying the duration requirement of generalized anxiety disorder in developed and developing countries
(CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA, 2009) Lee, S.; Tsang, A.; Ruscio, A.M.; Haro, J.M.; Stein, D.J.; Alonso, J.; Angermeyer, M.C.; Bromet, E.J.; Demyttenaere, K.; De Girolamo, G.; De Graaf, R.; Gureje, O.; Iwata, N.; Karam, E.G.; Lepine, J.P.; Levinson, D.; Medina-Mora, M.E.; Oakley Browne, M.A.; Posada-Villa, J.; Kessler, R.C.; Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Psychiat, Hong Kong Mood Disorders Ctr, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China; singlee@cuhk.edu.hk
Background. A number of western studies have suggested that the 6-month duration requirement of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) does not represent a critical threshold in terms of onset, course, or risk factors of the disorder. No study has examined the consequences of modifying the duration requirement across a wide range of correlates in both developed and developing countries. Method. Population surveys were carried out in seven developing and 10 developed countries using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (total sample=85052). prevalence and correlates of GAD were compared across mutually exclusive GAD subgroups defined by different minimum duration criteria. Results. Lifetime prevalence estimates for GAD lasting I month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months were 7.5%, 5.2%, 4.1% and 3.0% for developed countries and 2.7%, 1.8%, 1.5% and 1.2% for developing countries, respectively. There was little difference between GAD of 6 months' duration and GAD of shorter durations (1-2 months, 3-5 months) in age of onset, symptom severity or persistence, co-morbidity or impairment. GAD lasting >= 12 months was the most severe, persistently symptomatic and impaired subgroup. Conclusions. In both developed and developing countries, the clinical profile of GAD is similar regardless of duration. The DSM-IV 6-month duration criterion excludes a large number of individuals who present with shorter generalized anxiety episodes which may be recurrent, impairing and contributory to treatment-seeking. Future iterations of the DSM and ICD should consider modifying the 6-month duration criterion so as to better capture the diversity of clinically salient anxiety presentations.
Mental disorders among persons with arthritis: results from the World Mental Health Surveys
(CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA, 2008) He, Y.; Zhang, M.; Lin, E.H.B.; Bruffaerts, R.; Posada-Villa, J.; Angermeyer, M.C.; Levinson, D.; De Girolamo, G.; Uda, H.; Mneimneh, Z.; Benjet, C.; De Graaf, R.; Scott, K.M.; Gureje, O.; Seedat, S.; Haro, J.M.; Bromet, E.J.; Alonso, J.; Kovess, V.; Von Korff, M.; Kessler, R.; Shanghai Mental Hlth Ctr, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China; heyl2001@yahoo.com.cn
Parent psychopathology and offspring mental disorders: results from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys.
(2012) McLaughlin, K.A.; Gadermann, A.M.; Hwang, I.; Sampson, N.A.; Al-Hamzawi, A.; Andrade, L.H.; Angermeyer, M.C.; Benjet, C.; Bromet, E.J.; Bruffaerts, R.; Caldas-de-Almeida, J.M.; De Girolamo, G.; De Graaf, R.; Florescu, S.; Gureje, O.; Haro, J.M.; Hinkov, H.R.; Horiguchi, I.; Hu, C.; Karam, A.N.; Kovess-Masfety, V.; Lee, S.; Murphy, S.D.; Nizamie, S.H.; Posada-Villa, J.; Williams, D.R.; Kessler, R.C.; Division of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Katie.McLaughlin@childrens.harvard.edu
Prevalence, severity, and unmet need for treatment of mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys
(AMER MEDICAL ASSOC, 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA, 2004) Demyttenaere, K.; Bruffaerts, R.; Posada-Villa, J.; Gasquet, I.; Kovess, V.; Lepine, J.P.; Angermeyer, M.C.; Bernert, S.; De Girolamo, G.; Morosini, P.; Polidori, G.; Kikkawa, T.; Kawakami, N.; Ono, Y.; Takeshima, T.; Uda, H.; Karam, E.G.; Fayyad, J.A.; Karam, A.N.; Mneimneh, Z.N.; Medina-Mora, M.E.; Borges, G.; Lara, C.; De Graaf, R.; Ormel, J.; Gureje, O.; Shen, Y.C.; Huang, Y.Q.; Zhang, M.Y.; Alonso, J.; Haro, J.M.; Vilagut, G.; Bromet, E.J.; Gluzman, S.; Webb, C.; Kessler, R.C.; Merikangas, K.R.; Anthony, J.C.; Von Korff, M.R.; Wang, P.S.; Alonso, J.; Brugha, T.S.; Aguilar-Gaxiola, S.; Lee, S.; Heeringa, S.; Pennell, B.E.; Zaslavsky, A.M.; Ustun, T.B.; Chatterji, S.; Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA; kessler@hcp.med.harvard
Context Little is known about the extent or severity of untreated mental disorders, especially in less-developed countries. Objective To estimate prevalence, severity, and treatment of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) mental disorders in 14 countries (6 less developed, 8 developed) in the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative. Design, Setting, and Participants Face-to-face household surveys of 60463 community adults conducted from 2001-2003 in 14 countries in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Asia. Main Outcome Measures The DSM-IV disorders, severity, and treatment were assessed with the WMH version of the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI), a fully structured, lay-administered psychiatric diagnostic interview. Results The prevalence of having any WMH-CIDI/DSM-IV disorder in the prior year varied widely, from 4.3% in Shanghai to 26.4% in the United States, with an interquartile range (IQR) of 9.1%-16.9%. Between 33.1% (Colombia) and 80.9% (Nigeria) of 12-month cases were mild (IQR, 40.2%-53.3%). Serious disorders were associated with substantial role disability. Although disorder severity was correlated with probability of treatment in almost all countries, 35.5%.to 50.3% of serious cases in developed countries and 76.3% to 85.4% in less-developed countries received no treatment in the 12 months before the interview. Due to the high prevalence of mild and subthreshold cases, the number of those who received treatment far exceeds the number of untreated serious cases in every country. Conclusions Reallocation of treatment resources could substantially decrease the problem of unmet need for treatment of mental disorders among serious cases. Structural barriers exist to this reallocation. Careful consideration needs to be given to the value of treating some mild cases,. especially those at risk for progressing to more serious disorders.
The prevalence and correlates of binge eating disorder in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys
(2013) Kessler, R.C.; Berglund, P.A.; Chiu, W.T.; Deitz, A.C.; Hudson, J.I.; Shahly, V.; Aguilar-Gaxiola, S.; Alonso, J.; Angermeyer, M.C.; Benjet, C.; Bruffaerts, R.; De Girolamo, G.; De Graaf, R.; Maria Haro, J.; Kovess-Masfety, V.; O'Neill, S.; Posada-Villa, J.; Sasu, C.; Scott, K.; Viana, M.C.; Xavier, M.; Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; ncs@hcp.med.harvard.edu
The prevalence and effects of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on the performance of workers: results from the WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative
(B M J PUBLISHING GROUP, BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND, 2008) De Graaf, R.; Kessler, R.C.; Fayyad, J.; Ten Have, M.; Alonso, J.; Angermeyer, M.; Borges, G.; Demyttenaere, K.; Gasquet, I.; De Girolamo, G.; Haro, J.M.; Jin, R.; Karam, E.G.; Ormel, J.; Posada-Villa, J.; Netherlands Inst Mental Hlth & Addict, NL-3521 VS Utrecht, Netherlands; rgraaf@trimbos.nl
Treatment of suicidal people around the world
(ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS, BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON SW1X 8PG, ENGLAND, 2011) Bruffaerts, R.; Demyttenaere, K.; Hwang, I.; Chiu, W-T.; Sampson, N.; Kessler, R.C.; Alonso, J.; Borges, G.; De Girolamo, G.; De Graaf, R.; Florescu, S.; Gureje, O.; Hu, C.; Karam, E.G.; Kawakami, N.; Kostyuchenko, S.; Kovess-Masfety, V.; Lee, S.; Levinson, D.; Matschinger, H.; Posada-Villa, J.; Sagar, R.; Scott, K.M.; Stein, D.J.; Tomov, T.; Viana, M.C.; Nock, M.K.; UPC KUL, Univ Hosp Gasthuisberg, Louvain, Belgium; ronny.bruffaerts@med.kuleuven.be
Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide; however, little information is available about the treatment of suicidal people, or about barriers to treatment. Aims: To examine the receipt of mental health treatment and barriers to care among suicidal people around the world. Method: Twenty-one nationally representative samples worldwide (n=55 302; age 18 years and over) from the World Health Organization's World Mental Health Surveys were interviewed regarding past-year suicidal behaviour and past-year healthcare use. Suicidal respondents who had not used services in the past year were asked why they had not sought care. Results: Two-fifths of the suicidal respondents had received treatment (from 17% in low-income countries to 56% in high-income countries), mostly from a general medical practitioner (22%), psychiatrist (15%) or non-psychiatrist (15%). Those who had actually attempted suicide were more likely to receive care. Low perceived need was the most important reason for not seeking help (58%), followed by attitudinal barriers such as the wish to handle the problem alone (40%) and structural barriers such as financial concerns (15%). Only 7% of respondents endorsed stigma as a reason for not seeking treatment. Conclusions: Most people with suicide ideation, plans and attempts receive no treatment. This is a consistent and pervasive finding, especially in low-income countries. Improving the receipt of treatment worldwide will have to take into account culture-specific factors that may influence the process of help-seeking.