Browsing by Author "Bruffaerts, R."

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Age patterns in the prevalence of DSM-IV depressive/anxiety disorders with and without physical co-morbidity
(CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA, 2008) Scott, K.M.; Von Korff, M.; Alonso, J.; Angermeyer, M.; Bromet, E.J.; Bruffaerts, R.; De Girolamo, G.; De Graaf, R.; Fernández, A.; Gureje, O.; He, Y.; Kessler, R.C.; Kovess, V.; Levinson, D.; Medina-Mora, M.E.; Mneimneh, Z.; Browne, M.A. Oakley; Posada-Villa, J.; Tachimori, H.; Williams, D.; Univ Otago, Dept Psychol Med, Wellington, New Zealand; kate.scott@otago.ac.nz
Background. Physical morbidity is a potent risk factor for depression onset and clearly increases with age, yet prior research has often found depressive disorders to decrease with age. This study tests the possibility that the relationship between age and mental disorders differs as a function of physical co-morbidity. Method. Eighteen general population surveys were carried out among household-residing adults as part of the World Mental Health (WMH) surveys initiative (n = 42 697). DSM-IV disorders were assessed using face-to-face interviews with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). The effect of age was estimated for 12-month depressive and/or anxiety disorders with and without physical or pain co-morbidity, and for physical and/or pain conditions without mental co-morbidity. Results. Depressive and anxiety disorders decreased with age, a result that cannot be explained by organic exclusion criteria. No significant difference was found in the relationship between mental disorders and age as a function of physical/pain co-morbidity. The majority of older persons have chronic physical or pain conditions without co-morbid mental disorders; by contrast, the majority of those with mental disorders have physical/pain co-morbidity, particularly among the older age groups. Conclusions. CIDI-diagnosed depressive and anxiety disorders in the general population decrease with age, despite greatly increasing physical morbidity with age. Physical morbidity among persons with mental disorder is the norm, particularly in older populations. Health professionals, including mental health professionals, need to address barriers to the management of physical co-morbidity among those with mental disorders.
Association of perceived stigma and mood and anxiety disorders: results from the World Mental Health Surveys
(WILEY-BLACKWELL, COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA, 2008) Alonso, J.; Buron, A.; Bruffaerts, R.; He, Y.; Posada-Villa, J.; Lepine, J.P.; Angermeyer, M.C.; Levinson, D.; De Girolamo, G.; Tachimori, H.; Mneimneh, Z.N.; Medina-Mora, M.E.; Ormel, J.; Scott, K.M.; Gureje, O.; Haro, J.M.; Gluzman, S.; Lee, S.; Vilagut, G.; Kessler, R.C.; Von Korff, M.; Hosp Mar, Inst Municipal Invest Med, Hlth Serv Res Unit, PRBB, Barcelona 08003, Spain; jalonso@imim.es
Objective: We assessed the prevalence of perceived stigma among persons with mental disorders and chronic physical conditions in an international study. Method: Perceived stigma (reporting health-related embarrassment and discrimination) was assessed among adults reporting significant disability. Mental disorders were assessed with Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) 3.0. Chronic conditions were ascertained by self-report. Household-residing adults (80 737) participated in 17 population surveys in 16 countries. Results: Perceived stigma was present in 13.5% (22.1% in developing and 11.7% in developed countries). Suffering from a depressive or an anxiety disorder (vs. no mental disorder) was associated with about a twofold increase in the likelihood of stigma, while comorbid depression and anxiety was even more strongly associated (OR 3.4, 95%CI 2.7-4.2). Chronic physical conditions showed a much lower association. Conclusion: Perceived stigma is frequent and strongly associated with mental disorders worldwide. Efforts to alleviate stigma among individuals with comorbid depression and anxiety are needed.
Associations between mental disorders and subsequent onset of hypertension
(2014) Stein, D. J.; Aguilar-Gaxiola, S.; Alonso, J.; Bruffaerts, R.; de Jonge, P.; Liu, Z.R.; Caldas-de-Almeida, J.M.; O'Neill, S.; Viana, M.C.; Al-Hamzawi, A. O.; Angermeyer, M.C.; Benjet, C.; de Graaf, R.; Ferry, F.; Kovess-Masfety, V.; Levinson, D.; De Girolamo, G.; Florescu, S.; Hu, C.Y.; Kawakami, N.; Haro, J.M.; Piazza, M.; Posada-Villa, J.; Wojtyniak, B.J.; Xavier, M.; Lim, C.C.W.; Kessler, R.C.; Scott, K.M.; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; dan.stein@uct.ac.za
Barriers to Mental Health Treatment: Results from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys
(2014) Andrade, L. H.; Alonso, J.; Mneimneh, Z.; Wells, J. E.; Al-Hamzawi, A.; Borges, G.; Bromet, E.; Bruffaerts, R.; De Girolamo, G.; De Graaf, R.; Florescu, S.; Gureje, O.; Hinkov, H. R.; Hu, C.; Huang, Y.; Hwang, I.; Jin, R.; Karam, E. G.; Kovess-Masfety, V.; Levinson, D.; Matschinger, H.; O’Neill, S.; Posada-Villa, J.; Sagar, R.; Sampson, N. A.; Section of Psychiatric Epidemiology-LIM 23, Department/Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
Comorbidity within mental disorders: a comprehensive analysis based on 145 990 survey respondents from 27 countries
(Cambridge University Press, 2020) McGrath, J. J.; Lim, C. C. W.; Plana-Ripoll, O.; Holtz, Y.; Agerbo, E.; Momen, N. C.; Mortensen, P. B.; Pedersen, C. B.; Abdulmalik, J.; Aguilar-Gaxiola, S.; Al-Hamzawi, A.; Alonso, J.; Bromet, E. J.; Bruffaerts, R.; Bunting, B.; Almedida, J. M. C. de; Girolamo, G. de; De Vries, Y. A.; Florescu, S.; Gureje, O.; Haro, J. M.; Harris, M. G.; Hu, C.; Karam, E. G.; Kawakami, N.; Kiejna, A.; Kovess-Masfety, V.; Lee, S.; Mneimneh, Z.; Navarro-Mateu, F.; Orozco, R.; Posada-Villa, J.; Roest, A. M.; Saha, S.; Scott, K. M.; Stagnaro, J. C.; Stein, D. J.; Torres, Y.; Viana, M. C.; Ziv, Y.; Kessler, R. C.; Jonge, P. de; National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; peter.de.jonge@rug.nl (Peter de Jonge)
Complementary and alternative medicine contacts by persons with mental disorders in 25 countries: results from the World Mental Health Surveys
(Cambridge University Press, 2018) Jonge, P. de; Wardenaar, K. J.; Hoenders, H. R.; Evans-Lacko, S.; Kovess-Masfety, V.; Aguilar-Gaxiola, S.; Al-Hamzawi, A.; Alonso, J.; Andrade, L. H.; Benjet, C.; Bromet, E. J.; Bruffaerts, R.; Bunting, B.; Caldas-de-Almeida, J. M.; Dinolova, R. V.; Florescu, S.; Girolamo, G. de; Gureje, O.; Haro, J. M.; Hu, C.; Huang, Y.; Karam, E. G.; Karam, G.; Lee, S.; Lépine, J.-P.; Levinson, D.; Makanjuola, V.; Navarro-Mateu, F.; Pennell, B.-E.; Posada-Villa, J.; Scott, K.; Tachimori, H.; Williams, D.; Wojtyniak, B.; Kessler, R. C.; Thornicroft, G.; WHO World Mental Health Survey Colloborators; Borges, Guilherme; Medina-Mora, Maria Elena; Developmental Psychology, Department of Psychology, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; peter.de.jonge@rug.nl
Cross-national differences in the prevalence and correlates of burden among older family caregivers in the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys
(2013) Shahly, V.; Chatterji, S.; Gruber, M. J.; Al-Hamzawi, A.; Alonso, J.; Andrade, L. H.; Angermeyer, M. C.; Bruffaerts, R.; Bunting, B.; Caldas-de-Almeida, J. M.; De Girolamo, G.; De Jonge, P.; Florescu, S.; Gureje, O.; Haro, J. M.; Hinkov, H. R.; Hu, C.; Karam, E. G.; Lépine, J.-P.; Levinson, D.; Medina-Mora, M.E.; Posada-Villa, J.; Sampson, N. A.; Trivedi, J. K.; Viana, M. C.; Kessler, R. C.; Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
Days out of role due to common physical and mental conditions: results from the WHO World Mental Health surveys
(NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND, 2011) Alonso, J.; Petukhova, M.; Vilagut, G.; Chatterji, S.; Heeringa, S.; Uestuen, T.B.; Alhamzawi, A.O.; Viana, M.C.; Angermeyer, M.; Bromet, E.; Bruffaerts, R.; De Girolamo, G.; Florescu, S.; Gureje, O.; Haro, J.M.; Hinkov, H.; Hu, C-y; Karam, E.G.; Kovess, V.; Levinson, D.; Medina-Mora, M.E.; Nakamura, Y.; Ormel, J.; Posada-Villa, J.; Sagar, R.; Scott, K.M.; Tsang, A.; Williams, D.R.; Kessler, R.C.; IMIM Inst Recerca Hosp del Mar, Hlth Serv Res Unit, Barcelona 08003, Spain; jalonso@imim.es
Days out of role because of health problems are a major source of lost human capital. We examined the relative importance of commonly occurring physical and mental disorders in accounting for days out of role in 24 countries that participated in the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) surveys. Face-to-face interviews were carried out with 62 971 respondents (72.0% pooled response rate). Presence of ten chronic physical disorders and nine mental disorders was assessed for each respondent along with information about the number of days in the past month each respondent reported being totally unable to work or carry out their other normal daily activities because of problems with either physical or mental health. Multiple regression analysis was used to estimate associations of specific conditions and comorbidities with days out of role, controlling by basic socio-demographics (age, gender, employment status and country). Overall, 12.8% of respondents had some day totally out of role, with a median of 51.1 a year. The strongest individual-level effects (days out of role per year) were associated with neurological disorders (17.4), bipolar disorder (17.3) and post-traumatic stress disorder (15.2). The strongest population-level effect was associated with pain conditions, which accounted for 21.5% of all days out of role (population attributable risk proportion). The 19 conditions accounted for 62.2% of all days out of role. Common health conditions, including mental disorders, make up a large proportion of the number of days out of role across a wide range of countries and should be addressed to substantially increase overall productivity. Molecular Psychiatry (2011) 16, 1234-1246; doi:10.1038/mp.2010.101; published online 12 October 2010
Days out of role due to common physical and mental conditions: results from the WHO World Mental Health surveys
(2011) Alonso, J.; Petukhova, M.; Vilagut, G.; Chatterji, S.; Heeringa, S.; Ustun, TB; Alhamzawi, A.O.; Viana, M.C.; Angermeyer, M.; Bromet, E.; Bruffaerts, R.; De Girolamo, G.; Florescu, S.; Gureje, O.; Haro, J.M.; Hinkov, H.; Hu, C-y; Karam, E.G.; Kovess, V.; Levinson, D.; Medina-Mora, M.E.; Nakamura, Y.; Ormel, J.; Posada-Villa, J.; Sagar, R.; Scott, K.M.; Tsang, A.; Williams, D.R.; Kessler, R.C.; Health Services Research Unit, IMIM-Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; jalonso@imim.es
Depression-anxiety relationships with chronic physical conditions: results from the World Mental Health Surveys
(2007) Scott, K.M.; Bruffaerts, R.; Tsang, A.; Ormel, J.; Alonso, J.; Angermeyer, M.C.; Benjet, C.; Bromet, E.; De Girolamo, G.; De Graaf, R.; Gasquet, I.; Gureje, O.; Haro, J.M.; He, Y.; Kessler, R.C.; Levinson, D.; Mneimneh, Z.N.; Oakley-Browne, M.A.; Posada-Villa, J.; Stein, D.J.; Takeshima, T.; Von-Korff, M.; Department of Psychological Medicine, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box 7343 Wellington South, New Zealand; kate.scott@otago.ac.nz
Embarrassment when illness strikes a close relative: a World Mental Health Survey Consortium Multi-Site Study
(CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA, 2013) Ahmedani, B.K.; Kubiak, S.P.; Kessler, R.C.; De Graaf, R.; Alonso, J.; Bruffaerts, R.; Zarkov, Z.; Viana, M.C.; Huang, Y.Q.; Hu, C.; Posada-Villa, J.A.; Lepine, J.P.; Angermeyer, M.C.; De Girolamo, G.; Karam, A.N.; Medina-Mora, M.E.; Gureje, O.; Ferry, F.; Sagar, R.; Anthony, J.C.; Henry Ford Hlth Syst, Ctr Hlth Policy & Hlth Serv Res, 1 Ford Pl,Suite 3A, Detroit, MI 48202 USA.; bahmeda1@hfhs.org
Family burden related to mental and physical disorders in the world: results from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys
(2013) Viana, M.C.; Gruber, M.J.; Shahly, V.; Alhamzawi, A.; Alonso, J.; Andrade, L.H.; Angermeyer, M.C.; Benjet, C.; Bruffaerts, R.; Caldas-de-Almeida, J.M.; De Girolamo, G.; De Jonge, P.; Ferry, F.; Florescu, S.; Gureje, O.; Haro, J.M.; Hinkov, H.; Hu, C.; Karam, E.G.; Lépine, J.P.; Levinson, D.; Posada-Villa, J.; Sampson, N.A.; Kessler, R.C.; Department of Social Medicine, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo (UFES); mcviana@uol.com.br
Including information about co-morbidity in estimates of disease burden: results from the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys
(CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA, 2011) Alonso, J.; Vilagut, G.; Chatterji, S.; Heeringa, S.; Schoenbaum, M.; Uestuen, T. Bedirhan; Rojas-Farreras, S.; Angermeyer, M.; Bromet, E.; Bruffaerts, R.; De Girolamo, G.; Gureje, O.; Haro, J.M.; Karam, A.N.; Kovess, V.; Levinson, D.; Liu, Z.; Medina-Mora, M.E.; Ormel, J.; Posada-Villa, J.; Uda, H.; Kessler, R.C.; Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA; Kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
Background. The methodology commonly used to estimate disease burden, featuring ratings of severity of individual conditions, has been criticized for ignoring co-morbidity. A methodology that addresses this problem is proposed and illustrated here with data from the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. Although the analysis is based on self-reports about one's own conditions in a community survey, the logic applies equally well to analysis of hypothetical vignettes describing co-morbid condition profiles. Method. Face-to-face interviews in 13 countries (six developing, nine developed; n = 31 067; response rate = 69.6%) assessed 10 classes of chronic physical and nine of mental conditions. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess overall perceived health. Multiple regression analysis with interactions for co-morbidity was used to estimate associations of conditions with VAS. Simulation was used to estimate condition-specific effects. Results. The best-fitting model included condition main effects and interactions of types by numbers of conditions. Neurological conditions, insomnia and major depression were rated most severe. Adjustment for co-morbidity reduced condition-specific estimates with substantial between-condition variation (0.24-0.70 ratios of condition-specific estimates with and without adjustment for co-morbidity). The societal-level burden rankings were quite different from the individual-level rankings, with the highest societal-level rankings associated with conditions having high prevalence rather than high individual-level severity. Conclusions. Plausible estimates of disorder-specific effects on VAS can be obtained using methods that adjust for co-morbidity. These adjustments substantially influence condition-specific ratings.
Mental disorders among college students in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys
(London : Cambridge University Press, 2016) Auerbach, R. P.; Alonso, J.; Axinn, W. G.; Cuijpers, P.; Ebert, D. D.; Green, J. G.; Hwang, I.; Kessler, R. C.; Liu, H.; Mortier, P.; Nock, M. K.; Pinder-Amaker, S.; Sampson, N. A.; Aguilar-Gaxiola, A.; Al-Hamzawi, A.; Andrade, L. H.; Benjet, C.; Caldas-de-Almeida, J. M.; Demyttenaere, K.; Florescu, S.; De Girolamo, G.; Gureje, O.; Haro, J. M.; Karam, E. G.; Kiejna, A.; Kovess-Masfety, V.; Lee, S.; McGrath, J. J.; O’Neill, S.; Pennell, B.-E.; Scott, K.; Ten Have, M.; Torres, Y.; Zaslavsky, A. M.; Zarkov, Z.; Bruffaerts, R.; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
Mental disorders among persons with arthritis: results from the World Mental Health Surveys
(CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA, 2008) He, Y.; Zhang, M.; Lin, E.H.B.; Bruffaerts, R.; Posada-Villa, J.; Angermeyer, M.C.; Levinson, D.; De Girolamo, G.; Uda, H.; Mneimneh, Z.; Benjet, C.; De Graaf, R.; Scott, K.M.; Gureje, O.; Seedat, S.; Haro, J.M.; Bromet, E.J.; Alonso, J.; Kovess, V.; Von Korff, M.; Kessler, R.; Shanghai Mental Hlth Ctr, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China; heyl2001@yahoo.com.cn
Mental disorders and termination of education in high-income and low- and middle-income countries: epidemiological study
(ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS, BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON SW1X 8PG, ENGLAND, 2009) Lee, S.; Tsang, A.; Breslau, J.; Aguilar-Gaxiola, S.; Angermeyer, M.; Borges, G.; Bromet, E.; Bruffaerts, R.; De Girolamo, G.; Fayyad, J.; Gureje, O.; Haro, J.M.; Kawakami, N.; Levinson, D.; Browne, M.A. Oakley; Ormel, J.; Posada-Villa, J.; Williams, D.R.; Kessler, R.C.; Prince Wales Hosp, Hong Kong Mood Disorders Ctr, 7A,Block E,Staff Quarters, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.; singlee@cuhk.edu.hk
Obesity and mental disorders in the general population: results from the world mental health surveys
(NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND, 2008) Scott, K.M.; Bruffaerts, R.; Simon, G.E.; Alonso, J.; Angermeyer, M.; De Girolamo, G.; Demyttenaere, K.; Gasquet, I.; Haro, J.M.; Karam, E.; Kessler, R.C.; Levinson, D.; Medina Mora, M.E.; Browne, M.A. Oakley; Ormel, J.; Villa, J.P.; Uda, H.; Von Korff, M.; Univ Otago, Wellington Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Wellington, New Zealand; kate.scott@otago.ac.nz
Objectives: (1) To investigate whether there is an association between obesity and mental disorders in the general populations of diverse countries, and (2) to establish whether demographic variables (sex, age, education) moderate any associations observed. Design: Thirteen cross-sectional, general population surveys conducted as part of the World Mental Health Surveys initiative. Subjects: Household residing adults, 18 years and over (n = 62 277). Measurements: DSM-IV mental disorders (anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, alcohol use disorders) were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0), a fully structured diagnostic interview. Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m(2) or greater; severe obesity as BMI 35+. Persons with BMI less than 18.5 were excluded from analysis. Height and weight were self-reported. Results: Statistically significant, albeit modest associations (odds ratios generally in the range of 1.2-1.5) were observed between obesity and depressive disorders, and between obesity and anxiety disorders, in pooled data across countries. These associations were concentrated among those with severe obesity, and among females. Age and education had variable effects across depressive and anxiety disorders. Conclusions: The findings are suggestive of a modest relationship between obesity (particularly severe obesity) and emotional disorders among women in the general population. The study is limited by the self-report of BMI and cannot clarify the direction or nature of the relationship observed, but it may indicate a need for a research and clinical focus on the psychological heterogeneity of the obese population.
Parent psychopathology and offspring mental disorders: results from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys.
(2012) McLaughlin, K.A.; Gadermann, A.M.; Hwang, I.; Sampson, N.A.; Al-Hamzawi, A.; Andrade, L.H.; Angermeyer, M.C.; Benjet, C.; Bromet, E.J.; Bruffaerts, R.; Caldas-de-Almeida, J.M.; De Girolamo, G.; De Graaf, R.; Florescu, S.; Gureje, O.; Haro, J.M.; Hinkov, H.R.; Horiguchi, I.; Hu, C.; Karam, A.N.; Kovess-Masfety, V.; Lee, S.; Murphy, S.D.; Nizamie, S.H.; Posada-Villa, J.; Williams, D.R.; Kessler, R.C.; Division of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Katie.McLaughlin@childrens.harvard.edu
Prevalence, severity, and unmet need for treatment of mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys
(AMER MEDICAL ASSOC, 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA, 2004) Demyttenaere, K.; Bruffaerts, R.; Posada-Villa, J.; Gasquet, I.; Kovess, V.; Lepine, J.P.; Angermeyer, M.C.; Bernert, S.; De Girolamo, G.; Morosini, P.; Polidori, G.; Kikkawa, T.; Kawakami, N.; Ono, Y.; Takeshima, T.; Uda, H.; Karam, E.G.; Fayyad, J.A.; Karam, A.N.; Mneimneh, Z.N.; Medina-Mora, M.E.; Borges, G.; Lara, C.; De Graaf, R.; Ormel, J.; Gureje, O.; Shen, Y.C.; Huang, Y.Q.; Zhang, M.Y.; Alonso, J.; Haro, J.M.; Vilagut, G.; Bromet, E.J.; Gluzman, S.; Webb, C.; Kessler, R.C.; Merikangas, K.R.; Anthony, J.C.; Von Korff, M.R.; Wang, P.S.; Alonso, J.; Brugha, T.S.; Aguilar-Gaxiola, S.; Lee, S.; Heeringa, S.; Pennell, B.E.; Zaslavsky, A.M.; Ustun, T.B.; Chatterji, S.; Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA; kessler@hcp.med.harvard
Context Little is known about the extent or severity of untreated mental disorders, especially in less-developed countries. Objective To estimate prevalence, severity, and treatment of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) mental disorders in 14 countries (6 less developed, 8 developed) in the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative. Design, Setting, and Participants Face-to-face household surveys of 60463 community adults conducted from 2001-2003 in 14 countries in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Asia. Main Outcome Measures The DSM-IV disorders, severity, and treatment were assessed with the WMH version of the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI), a fully structured, lay-administered psychiatric diagnostic interview. Results The prevalence of having any WMH-CIDI/DSM-IV disorder in the prior year varied widely, from 4.3% in Shanghai to 26.4% in the United States, with an interquartile range (IQR) of 9.1%-16.9%. Between 33.1% (Colombia) and 80.9% (Nigeria) of 12-month cases were mild (IQR, 40.2%-53.3%). Serious disorders were associated with substantial role disability. Although disorder severity was correlated with probability of treatment in almost all countries, 35.5%.to 50.3% of serious cases in developed countries and 76.3% to 85.4% in less-developed countries received no treatment in the 12 months before the interview. Due to the high prevalence of mild and subthreshold cases, the number of those who received treatment far exceeds the number of untreated serious cases in every country. Conclusions Reallocation of treatment resources could substantially decrease the problem of unmet need for treatment of mental disorders among serious cases. Structural barriers exist to this reallocation. Careful consideration needs to be given to the value of treating some mild cases,. especially those at risk for progressing to more serious disorders.
The prevalence and correlates of binge eating disorder in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys
(2013) Kessler, R.C.; Berglund, P.A.; Chiu, W.T.; Deitz, A.C.; Hudson, J.I.; Shahly, V.; Aguilar-Gaxiola, S.; Alonso, J.; Angermeyer, M.C.; Benjet, C.; Bruffaerts, R.; De Girolamo, G.; De Graaf, R.; Maria Haro, J.; Kovess-Masfety, V.; O'Neill, S.; Posada-Villa, J.; Sasu, C.; Scott, K.; Viana, M.C.; Xavier, M.; Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; ncs@hcp.med.harvard.edu