Browsing by Author "Bromet, E.J."

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A multinational study of mental disorders, marriage, and divorce
(WILEY-BLACKWELL, COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA, 2011) Breslau, J.; Miller, E.; Jin, R.; Sampson, N.A.; Alonso, J.; Andrade, L.H.; Bromet, E.J.; De Girolamo, G.; Demyttenaere, K.; Fayyad, J.; Fukao, A.; Galaon, M.; Gureje, O.; He, Y.; Hinkov, H.R.; Hu, C.; Kovess-Masfety, V.; Matschinger, H.; Medina-Mora, M.E.; Ormel, J.; Posada-Villa, J.; Sagar, R.; Scott, K.M.; Kessler, R.C.; Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA; ncs@hcp.med.harvard.edu
Objective: Estimate predictive associations of mental disorders with marriage and divorce in a cross-national sample. Method: Population surveys of mental disorders included assessment of age at first marriage in 19 countries (n = 46 128) and age at first divorce in a subset of 12 countries (n = 30 729). Associations between mental disorders and subsequent marriage and divorce were estimated in discrete time survival models. Results: Fourteen of 18 premarital mental disorders are associated with lower likelihood of ever marrying (odds ratios ranging from 0.6 to 0.9), but these associations vary across ages of marriage. Associations between premarital mental disorders and marriage are generally null for early marriage (age 17 or younger), but negative associations come to predominate at later ages. All 18 mental disorders are positively associated with divorce (odds ratios ranging from 1.2 to 1.8). Three disorders, specific phobia, major depression, and alcohol abuse, are associated with the largest population attributable risk proportions for both marriage and divorce. Conclusion: This evidence adds to research demonstrating adverse effects of mental disorders on life course altering events across a diverse range of socioeconomic and cultural settings. These effects should be included in considerations of public health investments in preventing and treating mental disorders.
Age patterns in the prevalence of DSM-IV depressive/anxiety disorders with and without physical co-morbidity
(CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA, 2008) Scott, K.M.; Von Korff, M.; Alonso, J.; Angermeyer, M.; Bromet, E.J.; Bruffaerts, R.; De Girolamo, G.; De Graaf, R.; Fernández, A.; Gureje, O.; He, Y.; Kessler, R.C.; Kovess, V.; Levinson, D.; Medina-Mora, M.E.; Mneimneh, Z.; Browne, M.A. Oakley; Posada-Villa, J.; Tachimori, H.; Williams, D.; Univ Otago, Dept Psychol Med, Wellington, New Zealand; kate.scott@otago.ac.nz
Background. Physical morbidity is a potent risk factor for depression onset and clearly increases with age, yet prior research has often found depressive disorders to decrease with age. This study tests the possibility that the relationship between age and mental disorders differs as a function of physical co-morbidity. Method. Eighteen general population surveys were carried out among household-residing adults as part of the World Mental Health (WMH) surveys initiative (n = 42 697). DSM-IV disorders were assessed using face-to-face interviews with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). The effect of age was estimated for 12-month depressive and/or anxiety disorders with and without physical or pain co-morbidity, and for physical and/or pain conditions without mental co-morbidity. Results. Depressive and anxiety disorders decreased with age, a result that cannot be explained by organic exclusion criteria. No significant difference was found in the relationship between mental disorders and age as a function of physical/pain co-morbidity. The majority of older persons have chronic physical or pain conditions without co-morbid mental disorders; by contrast, the majority of those with mental disorders have physical/pain co-morbidity, particularly among the older age groups. Conclusions. CIDI-diagnosed depressive and anxiety disorders in the general population decrease with age, despite greatly increasing physical morbidity with age. Physical morbidity among persons with mental disorder is the norm, particularly in older populations. Health professionals, including mental health professionals, need to address barriers to the management of physical co-morbidity among those with mental disorders.
Implications of modifying the duration requirement of generalized anxiety disorder in developed and developing countries
(CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA, 2009) Lee, S.; Tsang, A.; Ruscio, A.M.; Haro, J.M.; Stein, D.J.; Alonso, J.; Angermeyer, M.C.; Bromet, E.J.; Demyttenaere, K.; De Girolamo, G.; De Graaf, R.; Gureje, O.; Iwata, N.; Karam, E.G.; Lepine, J.P.; Levinson, D.; Medina-Mora, M.E.; Oakley Browne, M.A.; Posada-Villa, J.; Kessler, R.C.; Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Psychiat, Hong Kong Mood Disorders Ctr, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China; singlee@cuhk.edu.hk
Background. A number of western studies have suggested that the 6-month duration requirement of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) does not represent a critical threshold in terms of onset, course, or risk factors of the disorder. No study has examined the consequences of modifying the duration requirement across a wide range of correlates in both developed and developing countries. Method. Population surveys were carried out in seven developing and 10 developed countries using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (total sample=85052). prevalence and correlates of GAD were compared across mutually exclusive GAD subgroups defined by different minimum duration criteria. Results. Lifetime prevalence estimates for GAD lasting I month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months were 7.5%, 5.2%, 4.1% and 3.0% for developed countries and 2.7%, 1.8%, 1.5% and 1.2% for developing countries, respectively. There was little difference between GAD of 6 months' duration and GAD of shorter durations (1-2 months, 3-5 months) in age of onset, symptom severity or persistence, co-morbidity or impairment. GAD lasting >= 12 months was the most severe, persistently symptomatic and impaired subgroup. Conclusions. In both developed and developing countries, the clinical profile of GAD is similar regardless of duration. The DSM-IV 6-month duration criterion excludes a large number of individuals who present with shorter generalized anxiety episodes which may be recurrent, impairing and contributory to treatment-seeking. Future iterations of the DSM and ICD should consider modifying the 6-month duration criterion so as to better capture the diversity of clinically salient anxiety presentations.
Major depresive disorder subtypes to predict long-term course
(New York, NY : Wiley, 2014) Van Loo, H.M.; Cai, T.X.; Gruber, M.J.; Li, J.L.; De Jonge, P.; Petukhova, M.; Rose, S.; Sampson, N.A.; Schoevers, R.A.; Wardenaar, K.J.; Wilcox, M.A.; Al-Hamzawi, A.O.; Andrade, L.H.; Bromet, E.J.; Bunting, B.; Fayyad, J.; Florescu, S.E.; Gureje, O.; Hu, C.Y.; Huang, Y.Q.; Levinson, D.; Medina-Mora, M.E.; Nakane, Y.; Posada-Villa, J.; Scott, K. M.; Xavier, M.; Zarkov, Z.; Kessler, R.C.; Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, 180 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA.; NCS@hcp.med.harvard.edu
Mental disorders among persons with arthritis: results from the World Mental Health Surveys
(CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA, 2008) He, Y.; Zhang, M.; Lin, E.H.B.; Bruffaerts, R.; Posada-Villa, J.; Angermeyer, M.C.; Levinson, D.; De Girolamo, G.; Uda, H.; Mneimneh, Z.; Benjet, C.; De Graaf, R.; Scott, K.M.; Gureje, O.; Seedat, S.; Haro, J.M.; Bromet, E.J.; Alonso, J.; Kovess, V.; Von Korff, M.; Kessler, R.; Shanghai Mental Hlth Ctr, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China; heyl2001@yahoo.com.cn
Parent psychopathology and offspring mental disorders: results from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys.
(2012) McLaughlin, K.A.; Gadermann, A.M.; Hwang, I.; Sampson, N.A.; Al-Hamzawi, A.; Andrade, L.H.; Angermeyer, M.C.; Benjet, C.; Bromet, E.J.; Bruffaerts, R.; Caldas-de-Almeida, J.M.; De Girolamo, G.; De Graaf, R.; Florescu, S.; Gureje, O.; Haro, J.M.; Hinkov, H.R.; Horiguchi, I.; Hu, C.; Karam, A.N.; Kovess-Masfety, V.; Lee, S.; Murphy, S.D.; Nizamie, S.H.; Posada-Villa, J.; Williams, D.R.; Kessler, R.C.; Division of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Katie.McLaughlin@childrens.harvard.edu
Prevalence, severity, and unmet need for treatment of mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys
(AMER MEDICAL ASSOC, 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA, 2004) Demyttenaere, K.; Bruffaerts, R.; Posada-Villa, J.; Gasquet, I.; Kovess, V.; Lepine, J.P.; Angermeyer, M.C.; Bernert, S.; De Girolamo, G.; Morosini, P.; Polidori, G.; Kikkawa, T.; Kawakami, N.; Ono, Y.; Takeshima, T.; Uda, H.; Karam, E.G.; Fayyad, J.A.; Karam, A.N.; Mneimneh, Z.N.; Medina-Mora, M.E.; Borges, G.; Lara, C.; De Graaf, R.; Ormel, J.; Gureje, O.; Shen, Y.C.; Huang, Y.Q.; Zhang, M.Y.; Alonso, J.; Haro, J.M.; Vilagut, G.; Bromet, E.J.; Gluzman, S.; Webb, C.; Kessler, R.C.; Merikangas, K.R.; Anthony, J.C.; Von Korff, M.R.; Wang, P.S.; Alonso, J.; Brugha, T.S.; Aguilar-Gaxiola, S.; Lee, S.; Heeringa, S.; Pennell, B.E.; Zaslavsky, A.M.; Ustun, T.B.; Chatterji, S.; Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA; kessler@hcp.med.harvard
Context Little is known about the extent or severity of untreated mental disorders, especially in less-developed countries. Objective To estimate prevalence, severity, and treatment of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) mental disorders in 14 countries (6 less developed, 8 developed) in the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative. Design, Setting, and Participants Face-to-face household surveys of 60463 community adults conducted from 2001-2003 in 14 countries in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Asia. Main Outcome Measures The DSM-IV disorders, severity, and treatment were assessed with the WMH version of the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI), a fully structured, lay-administered psychiatric diagnostic interview. Results The prevalence of having any WMH-CIDI/DSM-IV disorder in the prior year varied widely, from 4.3% in Shanghai to 26.4% in the United States, with an interquartile range (IQR) of 9.1%-16.9%. Between 33.1% (Colombia) and 80.9% (Nigeria) of 12-month cases were mild (IQR, 40.2%-53.3%). Serious disorders were associated with substantial role disability. Although disorder severity was correlated with probability of treatment in almost all countries, 35.5%.to 50.3% of serious cases in developed countries and 76.3% to 85.4% in less-developed countries received no treatment in the 12 months before the interview. Due to the high prevalence of mild and subthreshold cases, the number of those who received treatment far exceeds the number of untreated serious cases in every country. Conclusions Reallocation of treatment resources could substantially decrease the problem of unmet need for treatment of mental disorders among serious cases. Structural barriers exist to this reallocation. Careful consideration needs to be given to the value of treating some mild cases,. especially those at risk for progressing to more serious disorders.