Browsing by Author "Berglund, Patricia"

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    Cross-National Associations Between Gender and Mental Disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys
    (Amer Medical Assoc, 515 N State ST, Chicago, IL 60610-0946 USA, 2009) Seedat, Soraya; Scott, Kate Margaret; Angermeyer, Matthias C.; Berglund, Patricia; Bromet, Evelyn J.; Brugha, Traolach S.; Demyttenaere, Koen; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Maria Haro, Josep; Jin, Robert; Karam, Elie G.; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane; Levinson, Daphna; Medina Mora, María Elena; Ono, Yutaka; Ormel, Johan; Pennell, Beth-Ellen; Posada-Villa, José; Sampson, Nancy A.; Williams, David; Kessler, Ronald C.; Harvard Univ, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
    Context: Gender differences in mental disorders, including more anxiety and mood disorders among women and more externalizing disorders among men, are found consistently in epidemiological surveys. The gender roles hypothesis suggests that these differences narrow as the roles of women and men become more equal. Objectives: To study time-space (cohort-country) variation in gender differences in lifetime DSM-IV mental disorders across cohorts in 15 countries in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative and to determine if this variation is significantly related to time-space variation in female gender role traditionality as measured by aggregate patterns of female education, employment, marital timing, and use of birth control. Design: Face-to-face household surveys. Setting: Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and the Pacific. Participants: Community-dwelling adults (N=72 933). Main Outcome Measures: The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview assessed lifetime prevalence and age at onset of 18 DSM-IV anxiety, mood, externalizing, and substance disorders. Survival analyses estimated time-space variation in female to male odds ratios of these disorders across cohorts defined by the following age ranges: 18 to 34, 35 to 49, 50 to 64, and 65 years and older. Structural equation analysis examined predictive effects of variation in gender role traditionality on these odds ratios. Results: In all cohorts and countries, women had more anxiety and mood disorders than men, and men had more externalizing and substance disorders than women. Although gender differences were generally consistent across cohorts, significant narrowing was found in recent cohorts for major depressive disorder and substance disorders. This narrowing was significantly related to temporal (major depressive disorder) and spatial (substance disorders) variation in gender role traditionality. Conclusions: While gender differences in most lifetime mental disorders were fairly stable over the time-space units studied, substantial intercohort narrowing of differences in major depression was found to be related to changes in the traditionality of female gender roles. Additional research is needed to understand why this temporal narrowing was confined to major depression.
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    Cross-national comparisons of the prevalences and correlates of mental disorders
    (2000) Andrade, Laura; Caraveo-Anduaga, J.J.; Berglund, Patricia; Bijl, R.; Kessler, R.C.; Demler, Olga; Walters, Ellen; Offord, D.; Wittchen, H-U.; University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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    Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of mental disorders in the World Health Organization's World Mental Health Survey Initiative
    (ELSEVIER MASSON, VIA PALEOCAPA 7, 20121 MILANO, ITALY, 2007) Kessler, Ronald C.; Angermeyer, Matthias; Anthony, James C.; De Graaf, Ron; Demyttenaere, Koen; Gasquet, Isabelle; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Gluzman, Semyon; Gureje, Oye; Haro, Josep Maria; Kawakami, Norito; Karam, Aimee; Levinson, Daphna; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Browne, Mark A. Oakley; Posada-Villa, José; Stein, Dan J.; Tsang, Cheuk Him Adley; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Alonso, Jordi; Lee, Sing; Heeringa, Steven; Pennell, Beth-Ellen; Berglund, Patricia; Gruber, Michael J.; Petukhova, María; Chatterji, Somnath; Uestuen, T. Bedirhan; Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
    Data are presented on the lifetime prevalence, projected lifetime risk, and age-of-onset distributions of mental disorders in the World Health Organization (WHO)'s World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys. Face-to-face community surveys were conducted in seventeen countries in Africa, Asia, the Americas, Europe, and the Middle East. The combined numbers of respondents were 85,052. Lifetime prevalence, projected lifetime risk and age of onset of DSM-IV disorders were assessed with the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), a fully-structured lay administered diagnostic interview. Survival analysis was used to estimate lifetime risk. Median and inter-quartile range (IQR) of age of onset is very early for some anxiety disorders (7-14, IQR: 8-11) and impulse control disorders (7-15, IQR: 11-12). The age-of-onset distribution is later for mood disorders (29-43, IQR: 35-40), other anxiety disorders (24-50, IQR: 31-41), and substance use disorders (18-29, IQR: 21-26). Median and IQR lifetime prevalence estimates are: anxiety disorders 4.8-31.0% (IQR: 9.9-16.7%), mood disorders 3.3-21.4% (IQR: 9.8-15.8%), impulse control disorders 0.3-25.0% (IQR: 3.1-5.7%), substance use disorders 1.3-15.0% (IQR: 4.8-9.6%), and any disorder 12.0-47.4% (IQR: 18.1-36.1%). Projected lifetime risk is proportionally between 17% and 69% higher than estimated lifetime prevalence (IQR: 28-44%), with the highest ratios in countries exposed to sectarian violence (Israel, Nigeria, and South Africa), and a general tendency for projected risk to be highest in recent cohorts in all countries. These results document clearly that mental disorders are commonly occurring. As many mental disorders begin in childhood or adolescents, interventions aimed at early detection and treatment might help reduce the persistence or severity of primary disorders and prevent the subsequent onset of secondary disorders.
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    Psychiatric disorders in Mexico: lifetime prevalence in a nationally representative sample
    (ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS, BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON SW1X 8PG, ENGLAND, 2007) Medina-Mora, María Elena; Borges, Guilherme; Benjet, Corina; Lara, Carmen; Berglund, Patricia; Inst Nacl Psiquiatria, Dept Invest Epidemiol, Direcc Invest Epidemiol & Psicosociales, Calzada Mexico Xochimilco 101, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico.; medinam@imp.edu.mx
    Background No national data on lifetime prevalence and risk factors for DSM-IV psychiatric disorders are available in Mexico. Aims To present data on lifetime prevalence and projected lifetime risk, age at onset and demographic correlates of DSM-IV psychiatric disorders assessed in the Mexican National Comorbidity Survey. Method The survey was based on a multistage area probability sample of non-institutionalised people aged 18-65 years in urban Mexico. The World Mental Health Survey version of the Composite international Diagnostic Interview was administered by lay interviewers. Results Of those surveyed, 26.1% had experienced at least one psychiatric disorder in their life and 36.4% of Mexicans will eventually experience one of these disorders, Half of the population who present with a psychiatric disorder do so by the age of 21 and younger cohorts are at greater risk for most disorders. Conclusions Our results suggest an urgent need to re-evaluate the resources allocated for the detection and treatment of psychiatric illnesses in Mexico. Declaration of interest None. Funding detailed in Acknowledgements.
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    The epidemiology of major depressive episodes: results from the International Consortium of Psychiatric Epidemiology (ICPE) Surveys
    (2003) Andrade, Laura; Caraveo-Anduaga, Jorge J.; Berglund, Patricia; Bijl, Rob V.; De Graaf, Ron; Vollebergh, Wilma; Dragomirecka, Eva; Kohn, Robert; Keller, Martin; Kessler, Ronald C.; Kawakami, Norito; Kilic, Cengiz; Offord, David; Ustun, T. Bedirhan; Vicente, B.; Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich; Max Planck Inst Psychiat, D-80804 Munich, Germany
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    Treatment and adequacy of treatment of mental disorders among respondents to the Mexico National Comorbidity Survey
    (AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC, 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA, 2006) Borges, Guilherme; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Wang, Philip S.; Lara, Carmen; Berglund, Patricia; Walters, Ellen; Inst Nacl Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente, Direcc Invest Epidemiol & Psicosociales, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico; guibor@imp.edu.mx